Although since because when while provided that if an in the context of

The Locative Case, still Fun -- Part 2
http://sites.google.com/site/psalmofdreams/Home/introduction-to-babel-grammar/the-locative-case----still-fun----part



Pejor X Y A B
X Pejor Y A B
Pejor X Y-aqwa A B
X Pejor Y-aqwa A B
X·atser Y A B
X Y·atser A B
X·atser Y-aqwa A B
X Y·atser-aqwa A B



Although/
since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/
in the context of
Y X, B A

Pejor (predicate 1) (subject 1) (predicate 2) (subject 2)

(predicate 1) pejor (subject 1) (predicate 2) (subject 2)

Pejor (predicate 1) (subject 1)-aqwa (predicate 2) (subject 2)

(predicate 2) pejor (subject 2)-aqwa (predicate 2) (subject 2)

(predicate 1)-atser (subject 1) (predicate 2) (subject 2)

(predicate 1) (subject 1)-atser (predicate 2) (subject 2)

(predicate 1)-atser (subject 1)-aqwa (predicate 2) (subject 2)

(predicate 1) (subject 1)-atser-aqwa (predicate 2) (subject 2)

X Y Pejor A B
X Y A Pejor B
X Y Pejor A B-aqwa
X Y A Pejor B-aqwa
X Y A·atser B
X Y A B·atser
X Y A·atser B-aqwa
X Y A B·atser-aqwa




Y X,
Although/
since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/
in the context of
B A

(predicate 1) (subject 1) pejor (predicate 2) (subject 2)

(predicate 1) (subject 1) (predicate 2) pejor (subject 2)

(predicate 1) (subject 1) pejor
(predicate 2) (subject 2)-aqwa

(predicate 1) (subject 1) (predicate 2) pejor (subject 2)-aqwa

(predicate 1) (subject 1) (predicate 2)-atser (subject 2)

(predicate 1) (subject 1) (predicate 2) (subject 2)-atser

(predicate 1) (subject 1) (predicate 2)-atser (subject 2)-aqwa

(predicate 1) (subject 1) (predicate 2) (subject 2)-atser-aqwa


That’s fairly straightforward enough, I think. Shall we venture off unto some examples?

Pejor khniêr stélàrejikh Puîyus thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Khniêr stélàrejikh pejor Puîyus thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Pejor khniêr stélàrejikh Puiyusàqwa thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Khniêr stélàrejikh pejor Puiyusàqwa thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Khniêratser stélàrejikh Puîyus thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Khniêr stélàrejikh Puiyùsatser thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Khniêratser stélàrejikh Puiyusàqwa thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Khniêr stélàrejikh Puiyusatseràqwa thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Although Puîyus kisses the Princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
Since Puîyus kisses the Princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
Because Puîyus kisses the Princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
When Puîyus kisses the Princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
Whiie Puîyus kisses the Princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
Provided that Puîyus kisses the Princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
If Puîyus kisses the Princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
An Puîyus kisses the Princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
In the context of Puîyus’ kissing the Princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon

Khniêr stélàrejikh Puîyus pejor thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Khniêr stélàrejikh Puîyus thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh pejor Fhermáta.
Khniêr stélàrejikh Puîyus pejor thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermátayàqwa.
Khniêr stélàrejikh Puîyus thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh pejor Fhermátayàqwa.
Khniêr stélàrejikh Puîyus thothoâsatser Qwásàxhmikh Fhermátayàqwa.
Khniêr stélàrejikh Puîyus thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermátayatseràqwa.
Puîyus will kiß Þe Princess though Fhermáta thinks about Þe Moon.
Puîyus will kiß Þe Princess since Fhermáta thinks about Þe Moon.
Puîyus will kiß Þe Princess because Fhermáta thinks about Þe Moon.
Puîyus will kiß Þe Princess when Fhermáta thinks about Þe Moon.
Puîyus will kiß Þe Princess while Fhermáta thinks about Þe Moon.
Puîyus will kiß Þe Princess provided that Fhermáta thinks about Þe Moon.
Puîyus will kiß Þe Princess if Fhermáta thinks about Þe Moon.
Puîyus will kiß Þe Princess an Fhermáta thinks about Þe Moon.
Puîyus will kiß Þe Princess in the context of Fhermáta’s thinking about Þe Moon

Now keep in mind that the sentence Khniêr stélàrejikh Puiyusatseràqwa thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta can be translated in all these different ways depending upon context, Although/Since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/in the context of Puîyus kisses the Princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon. The little subordinating form of the locative case makes absolutively no distinction at all, and it has no need to, such distinctions really only exist in the language of beasts.
Babel does not have any independent particle at all which means while or although or provided that or in the context of. We do have forms of the relative pronoun kes which can mean when, plus we have the affixes –alwos and tyoe for unambiguous conditions, plus the level six suffix –ejet which means because, since X is the root. However, the subordinate form of the locative case pejor+/-atser is able by itself to take the burdhen of all forms of subordination

So one can also make these subordinate clauses:

Keqoas khniêr stélàrejikh Puîyus thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
When Puîyus kisses the princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
As soon as Puîyus kisses the princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
Khnieràlwoss stélàrejikh Puîyus thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Khniêr stélàrejikh Puiyusàlwos thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
If Puîyus kisses the princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
If Puîyus kisses the princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
Khniêr tyoe stélàrejikh Puîyus thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
If Puîyus does not kiss the princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
Unless Puîyus kisses the princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
Khniêrejet stélàrejikh Puîyus thòthoas Qwásàxhmikh Fhermáta.
Because Puîyus kisses the princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.
Since Puîyus kisses the princess, Fhermáta will think about the Moon.

However the subordinate form of the locative case creates the most common form of subordinate clause, and not all of these forms of subordinate overlap each other. One cannot express as soon as or unless using the subordinate form of the locative case, nor can one express while or although or provided that using one of these other strategies.

Oh, isn’t syntax fun?

The subordinate form of the locative case, both pejor+ and –atser can refer to the subject of the main clause. Hence we come across the following constructions.


Pejor A B C
Pejor A B C-aqwa
A·atser B C
A·atser B C-aqwa


Although/
since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/
in the context of
C is A, C is B


Pejor (locative) (predicate) (subject)

Pejor (locative) (predicate) (subject)-aqwa

(locative)-atser (predicate) (subject)

(locative)-atser (predicate) (subject)-aqwa


A pejor B C
A pejor B C-aqwa
A B·atser C
A B·atser C-aqwa


Although/
since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/
in the context of
C is B, C is A

(predicate) pejor (locative) (subject)

(predicate) pejor (locative) (subject)-aqwa

(predicate) (locative)-atser (subject)

(predicate) (locative)-atser (subject)-aqwa


A B pejor C
A B-aqwa pejor C
A B C·atser
A B-aqwa C·atser



Although/
since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/
in the context of
B is C, B is A

(predicate) (subject) pejor (locative)

(predicate) (subject)-aqwa pejor (locative)

(predicate) (subject) (locative)-atser

(predicate) (subject)-aqwa (locative)-atser


And thse are some fun little examples:
Pejor tsèfheir khnujóloiyàxhmikh xhùrnamat sqakhanùlkha Fhermáta.
Pejor tsèfheir khnujóloiyàxhmikh xhùrnamat sqakhanùlkha Fhermátayàqwa.
Tsefheîratser khnujóloiyàxhmikh xhùrnamat sqakhanùlkha Fhermáta.
Tsefheîratser khnujóloiyàxhmikh xhùrnamat sqakhanùlkha Fhermátayàqwa.
Although/since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/in the context of Fhermáta carries jewels, she will eat scurrying rocks.

Tsèfheir khnujóloiyàxhmikh pejor xhùrnamat sqakhanùlkha Fhermáta.
Tsèfheir khnujóloiyàxhmikh pejor xhùrnamat sqakhanùlkha Fhermátayàqwa.
Tsèfheir khnujóloiyàxhmikh xhurnamàtatser sqakhanùlkha Fhermáta.
Tsèfheir khnujóloiyàxhmikh xhurnamàtatser sqakhanùlkha Fhermátayàqwa.
Although/since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/in the context of Fhermáta eats scurrying rocks, she will carry jewels.

Tsèfheir khnujóloiyàxhmikh xhùrnamat sqakhanùlkha pejor Fhermáta.
Tsèfheir khnujóloiyàxhmikh xhurnamatàqwa sqakhanùlkha pejor Fhermáta.
Tsèfheir khnujóloiyàxhmikh xhùrnamat sqakhanùlkha Fhermátàyatser.
Tsèfheir khnujóloiyàxhmikh xhurnamatàqwa sqakhanùlkha Fhermátàyatser.
Although/since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/in the context of Þe eater of scurrying rocks is Fhermáta, Þe eater will carry jewels. Since I’ve mentioned the relative pronoun kes I’ll go ahead and show how to express as soon as or when
A B keqoas C DA B keyaloisas C DA B keyatsersas C DA B keyexhyeusas C DA B ke se sas C D
B is A as soon as/when D is C
Keqoas A B C DKeyaloisas A B C DKeyatsersas A B C DKeyexhyeusas A B C DKe se sas A B C D
As soon as/when B is A, D is C This is all fairly straightforward and fun beyond words. Kùxha’ Éfhelìnye xhroe Puîyus keqoas xhthènteqhe’ Eilasaiyanòrutakh Fhermáta.Kùxha’ Éfhelìnye xhroe Puîyus keyaloisas xhthènteqhe’ Eilasaiyanòrutakh Fhermáta.Kùxha’ Éfhelìnye xhroe Puîyus keyatsersas xhthènteqhe’ Eilasaiyanòrutakh Fhermáta.Kùxha’ Éfhelìnye xhroe Puîyus keyexhyeusas xhthènteqhe’ Eilasaiyanòrutakh Fhermáta.Kùxha’ Éfhelìnye xhroe Puîyus ke se sas xhthènteqhe’ Eilasaiyanòrutakh Fhermáta.Puîyus kißed Éfhelinye when Fhermáta wended to Eilasaîyanor.Keqoas kùxha’ Éfhelìnye xhroe Puîyus xhthènteqhe’ Eilasaiyanòrutakh Fhermáta.Keyaloisas kùxha’ Éfhelìnye xhroe Puîyus xhthènteqhe’ Eilasaiyanòrutakh Fhermáta.Keyatsersas kùxha’ Éfhelìnye xhroe Puîyus xhthènteqhe’ Eilasaiyanòrutakh Fhermáta.Keyexhyeusas kùxha’ Éfhelìnye xhroe Puîyus xhthènteqhe’ Eilasaiyanòrutakh Fhermáta.Ke se sas kùxha’ Éfhelìnye xhroe Puîyus xhthènteqhe’ Eilasaiyanòrutakh Fhermáta.As soon as Puîyus kißed Éfhelinye, Fhermáta wended to Eilasaîyanor. As I mentioned before the subordinating form of the locative case by its very nature forms omnivolitional clauses. Let’s demonastrate all of the different types of omnivolitional phrases which we can make with this form of the locative case. Do we have to? This is so much fun!

Active voice:

Experiencer predicate > construct object > experiencer/subordinate subject = telick ør resultitivë clause, omnivolitional clause
Experiencer predicate > partitivë genitivë object > experiencer/ subordinate subject = atelick ør irresultativë clause, omnivolitional clause

Senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha khmeníwàyatser jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha pejor khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Senípásìyatser xhamarnafhinùlkha khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Pejor senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.While the candy pirate is hyper of pink lemonade, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand. Senípásìyatser xhamarnafhinùlkha jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Pejor senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.While being hyper on pink lemonade, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand. Senípási xhamarnafhinùtya khmeníwàyatser jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Senípási xhamarnafhinùtya pejor khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Senípásìyatser xhamarnafhinùtya khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Pejor senípási xhamarnafhinùtya pejor jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.While the candy pirate is hyper on some pink lemonade, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand. Senípásìyatser xhamarnafhinùtya jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Pejor senípási xhamarnafhinùtya jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.While being hyper on some pink lemonade, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand.

Middle voice:

Sixe-Experiencer > construct object > experiencer/subordinate subject = telick ør resultitivë clause, omnivolitional clause
Sixe-Experiencer > partitivë genitivë object > experiencer/subordinate subject = atelick ør irresultativë clause, omnivolitional clause

Sixesenípási xhamarnafhinùlkha khmeníwàyatser jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Sixesenípási xhamarnafhinùlkha pejor khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Sixesenípásìyatser xhamarnafhinùlkha khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Sixe pejor senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.While the candy pirate is hyper of pink lemonade for his own benefit, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand. Sixesenípásìyatser xhamarnafhinùlkha jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Sixe pejor senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.While being hyper on pink lemonade for his own benefit, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand.
Sixesenípási xhamarnafhinùtya khmeníwàyatser jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Sixesenípási xhamarnafhinùtya pejor khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Sixesenípásìyatser xhamarnafhinùtya khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Sixe pejor senípási xhamarnafhinùtya khmeníwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.While the candy pirate is hyper on some pink lemonade for his own benefit, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand. Sixesenípásìyatser xhamarnafhinùtya jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Sixe pejor senípásìyatser xhamarnafhinùtya jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.While being hyper on some pink lemonade for his own benefit, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand.

Paßivë voice:
Xhnípe > construct object > experiencer/ subordinate subject = omnivolitional clause
Xhnípe senípásìyejikh pejor xhamarnafhin khmeníwayatseràqwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Xhnípe senípásìyejikh xhamarnafhìnatser pejor khmeníwayàqwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Xhnípe senípásìyejikh xhamarnafhìnatser pejor khmeníwayàqwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Xhnípe senípásìyejikh pejor xhamarnafhin khmeníwayatseràqwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.While the candy pirate is being hyper in terms of pink lemonade, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand. Xhnípèyatser senípásìyejikh pejor xhamàrnafhin jùptijo stélarùpwar Puiyeyanàqwa.Pejor xhnípe senípásìyejikh pejor xhamàrnafhin jùptijo stélarùpwar Puiyeyanàqwa.While being hyper in terms of pink lemonade, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand.

You’ll notice in these examples that senípásìyejikh cannot take an object, and so one form of the subordinate locative acts as a pseudo-object while the other form of the subordinate locative is the subject. You will notice the same phenomenon for the antipassive voice.

Antipaßivë voice:
Jáxe > construct > ingeminite object > experiencer/ subordinate subject = omnivolitional clause
Jáxe senípásìyejikh pejor xhamarnafhin khmeníwayatseràqwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Jáxe senípásìyejikh xhamarnafhìnatser pejor khmeníwayàqwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Jáxe senípásìyejikh pejor xhamarnafhin khmeníwayatseràqwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.Jáxe senípásìyejikh xhamarnafhìnatser pejor khmeníwayàqwa jùptijo stélarùpwar Puîyeyan.While the candy pirate is hyper in terms of some pink lemonade or other, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand
Jáxèyatser senípásìyejikh pejor xhamàrnafhin jùptijo stélarùpwar Puiyeyanàqwa.Pejor jáxe senípásìyejikh pejor xhamàrnafhin jùptijo stélarùpwar Puiyeyanàqwa.While being hyper in terms of some pink lemonade, Puey succeeded in kissing the princess on her hand.

I we quit. I we going to bed now before the new Empress makes up a new construction.

I’m not making it up. I’m discovering it. Babel has a mind of its own in a way, and like any other creative project it Sometimes I hesitate even to claim to be the inventor Language, for Babel is stranger and richer than I think I could have imagined. Sometimes I introduced affixes and modes without quite knowing their usage, and it was only through conversation and poesy that I understood their meaning through the years.

[The pages begin to glow and shift. Fhermáta’s handwriting takes unto itself the hews of many colors. The pleaves of the book themselves transform as the Princess’ language blossoms] For many pages you and I, my most beloved Puey, have been grappling with the locative case. I must admit that it can be quite a difficult journey, for the locative case not only carries unto itself all forms of physical spatial location as well as metaphoric location in memory and time, but it also carries many important syntact functions, such as expressing the subject of subordinate clauses, the subject of non-volitional clauses, and important constructions such as how to express to have. For the next few pages I think we should discuss how to say I have. This may be a little awkward at first, we shall stumble a few times, and perchance even fall once or twice, and I think you and I should be brave. You’re the bravest person that I know, oh my love, Prince Puey, a thousand battles you have faced, monsters and quantum dæmons and Dragons beyond description, and so you would never shirk from a challenge of this most vexing usage of the locative case, to express having someone or something. Empress of tomorrow questioning I have. Yes, Fhólus Just a little existential doubt I am having. Does the locative case know just how vexatious it is? Does the locative case know that it’s just driving us all completely bonkers? It’s the case that does everything the other cases don’t do! It’s the case that has a zenizenimillion forms! It’s the case that should be broken up into little conglomerate cases and leave the rest of us alone. I find the locative case dances of fun. Shall we begin? I’ve drawn out a little summary of how to express to have. Fhermáta, would you copy this down in nice and neat hand? Summary of HaveComment Mood Participlen:X·aswaor YXhmir X YX hath YX Y·aswaorX xhmir YY hath X Personal Pronouns:X Y·qiY hath X Neutral Personal Pronouns (participlen)X·aswaor YXhmir X YX hath YX Y·aswaorX xhmir YY hath X Relativë Pronouns:X·qoas YX who/which hath Y Neutral Relativë Pronouns (participlen)X·aswaor·aponya YXhmir X-aswaor-aponya YX who/which allegedly,maybe hath Y Level Six Prefix: Indirect Object plus a dative form of the locative caseKhneu· for mee; I have (root)Tu· for thee; Thou hast (root)Khnie· for him, hir, hit; Hee hath (root)Jeu· for him, hir, hit (another); Hee (another) hath (root)Khmu· for us; Wee have (root)Jhu· for yee; Yee have (root)Tlhie· for hem; They have (root)Joa· for hem (another); They (another) have (root) And just to give a few basic examples, I’m going to write about mochi. What, no pies? Fhermáta you can question the making mochi pie for me and Fhólus? Only if you’re good. After grammar. Oh.
Participlen:X·aswaor YXhmir X YX hath YX Y·aswaorX xhmir YY hath X Personal Pronouns:X Y·qiY hath X Neutral Personal Pronouns (participlen)X·aswaor YXhmir X YX hath YX Y·aswaorX xhmir YY hath X Relativë Pronouns:X·qoas YX who/which hath Y Neutral Relativë Pronouns (participlen)X·aswaor·aponya YXhmir X-aswaor-aponya YX who/which allegedly,maybe hath Y Level Six Prefix: Khneu· for mee; I have (root)Tu· for thee; Thou hast (root)Khnie· for him, hir, hit; Hee hath (root)Jeu· for him, hir, hit (another); Hee (another) hath (root)Khmu· for us; Wee have (root)Jhu· for yee; Yee have (root)Tlhie· for hem; They have (root)Joa· for hem (another); They (another) have (root)
Totwojiyàswaor khmeníwa senípási.Xhmir khmeníwa senípási tòtwoji.The hyper pirate has mochi.Khmeníwa senípási totwojiyàswaor.Kheníwa senípási xhmir tòtwoji.The mochi has an hyper pirate. Tòtwoji púqi.I have mochi. Tsenaqéswaor tòtwoji.Tsena xhmir qé tòtwoji.He has mochi.Tòtwoji tsenaqéyàswaor.Tòtwoji tsena xhmir qé.Mochi has him Jaê khmeníwa senípási kae kuqoas tòtwoji púxhli.I see the candy pirate who has mochi. Jaê khmeníwa senípási kae qéyaswaorapònya tòtwoji púxhli.Jaê khmeníwa senípási kae xhmir qéyapònya tòtwoji púxhli.I see the cany pirate who may have mochi. Khneutòtwoji púxhmi. I have mochi.Tutòtwoji túxhmi. Thou hast mochi.Khnietòtwoji kúxhmi. He hath mochi.Jeutòtwoji kekuxhmi. That one has mochi. Khmutòtwoji kepuxhmi. We have mochi.Jhutòtwoji túxhmi. Ye have mochi.Tlhietòtwoji kúxhmi. They have mochi.Joatòtwoji kekuxhim. Those ones have mochi. Oh my Prince, my one true Love Puey, know thou that the Habeo Construction only exists in the Primary Mode, that is the Presumptive Mode. The Habeo Construction just does not exist in the Secondary Modes, that is, the Deferential, Existential, or Honorific Mode. At its heart the Habeo Construction simply consists of using the xhmir+ /-aswaor form of the locative case for participles, but the –qi form for the personal pronouns, as long as they are placed at the end or near the end of their clause. Let’s just play with a few more examples and see where that takes us, my love. Puiyusàswaor óqla.Puîyus hath flowren.Puîyus óqlayàswaor.Flowren have a Puîyus. Óqla jineqi.I have flowren. Wtháyaswaôrengit sqàkhan.Sqàkhan wtháyaswaôrengit.Perchance I have scurrying rocks. Jaê stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqla jin.I see Þe Princess who hath flowren. Jaê stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya’ óqla jin.I see Þe Princess who allegedly hath flowren. Khneuyóqla púxhmi.I have flowren.Tuyóqla túxhmi.You have flowren. In order to express either volitionality or non-volitionality with the Habeo Construction, one cannot use either the ergative or the absolutive cases, but one must rather use some level eight suffixes, namely –onyii on purpose, intentionally and –onwo by accident, insignificantly. Puiyusàswaor óqlayònyii.Puîyus hath flowren on purpose.Puîyus óqlayaswaorònyii.Flowren have a Puîyus on purpose. Óqla jineqiyonyii.I have flowren on purpose. Wtháyaswaôrengit sqakhanònyii.Sqàkhan wtháyaswaoronyiîyengit.Perchance I have scurrying rocks on purpose. Jaê stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqlayònyii jin.I see Þe Princess who hath flowren on purpose. Jaê stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya’ óqlayònyii jin.I see Þe Princess who allegedly hath flowren on purpose. Khneuyóqla púxhmiyonyii.I have flowren on purpose.Tuyóqla túxhmiyonyii.You have flowren on purpose. Puiyusàswaor óqlayònwo.Puîyus hath flowren by accident.Puîyus óqlayaswaorònwo.Flowren have a Puîyus by accident. Óqla jineqiyonwo.I have flowren by accident. Wtháyaswaôrengit sqakhanònwo.Sqàkhan wtháyaswaoronwòyengit.Perchance I have scurrying rocks by accident. Jaê stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqlayònwo jin.I see Þe Princess who hath flowren by accident. Jaê stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya’ óqlayònwo jin.I see Þe Princess who allegedly hath flowren by accident. Khneuyóqla púxhmiyonwo.I have flowren by accident.Tuyóqla túxhmiyonwo.You have flowren by accident. Note that when one uses the level six prefixes, the personal pronoun that aggress with it takes the dative form of the locative case. Normally one would use púqi to say I have but for the prefix khneu- one would use púyaswaor, púxhmi, pú so, or pú pae. In order to express to have with a purpose clause, one must use the particle qoe rather than the locative suffix -exhyeu. Xhthènteqhe Jaraqtùyutakh pú qoe’ óqla púqi.I go to Jaràqtu to have flowren.Qoe’ óqla púqi xhthènteqhe Jaraqtùyutakh pú.So that I have flowren, I go to Jaràqtu.Peyàmpumat fhaîrotu xhroe Puîyus soe khniêr stélar xhroe xing xú.Puîyus hides Þe beek lest he kiß Þe princess. I’m a little surprised that the Traîkhiim aren’t scribbling all o'er the pages. They must be getting sleepy. Yes, my Sister, the are dozing off a little bit. All these forms of the locative case can be a bit taxing. What do you wish for me to write next? How does one say that which one has? You just chanted it. I know, but how do I describe what one says. I’ll start painting a box. I sense we’re coming a box soon.
That/which/whom One Hath X Y·qiX Y·aswaorX xhmir YThat/which/whom one hath This simple construction, oh I hesitate to call it a construction, it’s just a normal use of the locative case, is found with all seven cases. Please note, my love, that inverted word order when one uses a personal pronoun with the form of the construct case ending in xhroe, that is X Y-qi xhroe as in óqla púqi xhroe for this can mean both of the flowers that I have as well as of my flowers. Taê qiêl púqi!Oh hills that I have!Taê qiêl stélaràswaor!Oh hills Þe princess hath!Taê qiêl xhmir Puîye!Oh hills that Puey hath! Lwánol púqi teixing.That is Þe castle that I have.Lwánol stélaràwaor teixing.That is Þe castle Þe princess hath.Lwánol xhmir Puîye teixing.That is Þe castle Þæt Puey hath. Jaê fhaîrotu púqi xhroe púsa.I see Þæt book I have.I see my book.Jaê fhaîrotu xhroe stélaràwaor púsa.I see Þe book Þe princess hath.Jaê fhaîrotu xhroe xhmir Puîye púsa.I see Þe book Þæt Puey hath. Jaê khmérnàxhmikh fhaîrotu pfhu púqi púsa.I see Þe thing that is Þe book you have.Jaê khmérnàxhmikh fhaîrotu pfhu stélaràwaor púsa.I see Þe thing that is Þe book Þe princess hath.Jaê khmérnàxhmikh fhaîrotu pfhu xhmir Puîye púsa.I see Þe thing that is Þe book Þæt Puey hath. Xhthènteqhe xhmir lwánol púqi púsa.I go towards Þe castle that I have.Xhthènteqhe xhmir lwánol stélaràswaor púsa.I go towards Þe castle Þe princess hath.Xhthènteqhe xhmir lwánol xhmir Puîye púsa.I go towards Þe castle Þæt Puey hath. Senípási totwojiyùpwar púqi khmeníwàyepakh.The sky pirate chances to be hyper on a piece of mochi that I have.Senípási totwojiyùpwar stélaràswaor khmeníwàyepakh.The sky pirate chances to be hyper on a piece of mochi that princess hath.Senípási totwojiyùpwar xhmir Puîye khmeníwàyepakh.The sky pirate chances to be hyper on a piece of mochi Puey hath. Senípási totwojiyòjhwa khmeníwayant púqi.The sky pirate I have is hyper on pieces of mochi on purpose.Senípási totwojiyòjhwa khmeníwayanstélaràswaor.The sky pirate the princess hath is hyper on pieces of mochi on purpose.Senípási totwojiyòjhwa khmeníwayan xhmir Puîye.The sky pirate Puey hath is hyper on pieces of mochi on purpose. So far we have just been discussing the usage of the Habeo Construction in the Comment Mood. The Comment Mood, as I’ve hinted before, is just our regular everyday mood for statements and conditions. Babel has two other moods, the irrealis mood which is used for wishes and commands, and the injunctive mood which is employed for intentions. The Irrealis form of to have is interesting in that it has its own suppletive form. I know this is just another little wacky function of Babel to learn, but it actually makes it far easier to use. What would we have done before without the irrealis of have? He would never be able to wish about having anything at all. How sad that would be. Irrealis of Have All forms of the habeo construction, which in the comment mood in take xhmir+/-aswaor for participles and –qi for personal pronouns, have but a single particle for the irrealis mood. Relative pronouns do not inflect for the irrealis mood. They have no need to. Participlen:X qíreu Y!May X have Y!X Y qíreu!May Y have X! Personal Pronouns:X Y qíreu!May Y have X! Neutral Personal Pronoun (participlen)X qíreu Y!May X have Y!X Y qíreu!May Y have X! And that’s it, the complete passel of it. That’s all one needs to know in order to express wishing or commanding someone to have someone or something. Puîyus qíreu sqàkhan!May Puîyus have scurrying rocks!Puîyuss sqàkhan qíreu!May scurrying rocks have a Puîyus!Qwás qírenat qíreu!May Þe Emperor have Þe Moon!Lwánol tú qíreu xing!Have castlen!Poe’ óng tú qíreu xing!Have mine own honor!Wthá qíreu yengit qiêl!May I have hills!Óqla wthá qíreu!May they have hills!Óqla’ wthá qíreu yalyir!May you have flowren! Remember, my Puey, that one cannot say óqla’ aîwthá qíreu or óqla’ aîwthá ter wth’a qíreu or Óqla’ aîwthá ter wthá qíreu khyi! Or the like, because wthá cannot be both vocative case such as aîwthá as well as kekhìsyu locative case as wthá qíreu is. Oh, I probably should not have just chanted that +qíreu is the only form that one has to learn for the irrealis form of the habeo construction, for +qíreu has an emphatic younger sibling hight +qíreu khyi. Now +qíreu khyi has strong parallels to the usage of -áxeus khyi which you will see in such sentences such as Kuxhayáxeus khyi stélarèjikhing Puîyus Would that Puîyus kiss the princess. Utinam, one could say that +qíreu khyi marks a very strong wish or hope, and could be translated as Would that, oh that, if only or how may! Puîyus qíreu khyi sqàkhan!Would that Puîyus have scurrying rocks!Puîyus sqàkhan qíreu khyi!Oh that scurrying rocks have a Puîyus!Qwás qírenat qíreu khyi!If only Emperor have Þe Moon!Lwánol tú qíreu khyi xing!Have castlen!Poe’ óng tú qíreu khyi xing!Have mine own honor!Wthá qíreu khyi yengit qiêl!How may I have hills!Óqla wthá qíreu khyi!How may they have hills!Óqla wthá qíreu khyi yalyir!Would that you have flowren! No silly comments at all from those two? Fhólus and Aîya must be very sleepy indeed. Princess you should probably get as much of this grammar done while they are tumbling into sleep before they start licking the page and engaging in all manner of tomfoolery. Have we discussed the Habeo Construction in the Injunctive Mood? Not yet. Do let’s The Injunctive of Have Puey later on I shall show you all of the proper ways to form the injunctive mood. For instance we’ll say
Jùptijo khrúju qìr xhmé jhpaipasaraxìmejikh Puîyus.
Jùptijo xhmuju jhpaipasaraxìmejikh Puîyus.
Juptijoyàmpein jhpaipasaraxìmejikh Puîyus
Puîyus intends to kiss the ballerina princess to the point of giggles.
Jùptijo suju jhpaipasaraxìmejikh Puîyus.
Puîyus shall not kiss the ballerina princess to the point of giggles.

You will no doubt note that there is some semantic overlap between the injunctive mood and volitional clauses. We shall address that at another time. Also you probably saw how the Babel clauses are neutral with respect to time, but sometimes when speaking in the language of beasts one must translate it according to a rainbow of time.

However, the injunctive mood endings like the endings for the other moods, even the null ending for the comment mood, are added either to the predicate or the subject. There are of course some sentences which do not have a formal subject.
However, the following sentences have no subject. Can they be expressed in the injunctive mood?

Qhátim pútlhi.
I am whimsical.
Xàyati xhmir khmeníwa.
The candy pirate is sad.
Fhlùsaxing tsena tlhir stélar.
The princess wears a blouse.

And the above examples use the words qhát, qhátim those who are happy, merry, whimsical, whimsicoracal and one often finds it in a tlhir+ construction, and xàyati means tragic or sad emotions although xàyati xhmir X means x is sad while fhlùsa means blouses and regularly takes the tlhir+ form of the locative case to express its bearing worn.

One can easily make the above examples irrealis by using the third person irrealis singular form of the predicate ól. One hears clauses beginning with ás be it so! so many times that one is probably unaware that it is a periphrastic construction.

Ás qhátim pútlhi!
May I be whimsical!
Ás xàyati xhmir khmeníwa!
May the candy pirate be sad!
Ás fhlùsaxing tsena tlhir stélar!
May the princess wear a blouse!

So how does one express to have in the injunctive mood? Markers for mood may only be applied unto the subject and the predicate. Do you remember before when I discussed how the subordinate form of the locative case may be used for either the predicate or the subject? In the examples below the first two have predicates in the experiencer case and subjects in the locative, and in the second two the predicates are in the locative while the subject is in the experiencer:

Ptiîkha tsenastélàrejikh Puiyèyatser khmewàyuqei
Ptiîkha tsenastélàrejikh pejor Puîye khmewàyuqei
Pejor ptiîkha tsenastélàrejikh Puîye khmewàyuqei
Ptiikhàyatser tsenastélàrejikh Puîye khmewàyuqei
While peiratical Puey kisses the princess on her forehead

A mentioned before how level five aspect suffixes may only be applied unto the Experiencer Case, the Construct Case, and the Ingeminate Case. And so to use aspect would have to write or say subordinate clauses of this variety:

Ptiikhayòjhwa tsenastélàrejikh Puiyèyatser khmewàyuqei
Ptiikhayòjhwa tsenastélàrejikh pejor Puîye khmewàyuqei
Pejor ptiîkha tsenastélàrejikh Puiyeyòjhwa khmewàyuqei
Ptiikhàyatser tsenastélàrejikh Puiyeyòjhwa khmewàyuqei
While peiratical Puey kisses the princess on her forehead many times

Ptiikhayùpwar tsenastélàrejikh Puiyèyatser khmewàyuqei
Ptiikhayùpwar tsenastélàrejikh pejor Puîye khmewàyuqei
Pejor ptiîkha tsenastélàrejikh Puiyeyùpwar khmewàyuqei
Ptiikhàyatser tsenastélàrejikh Puiyeyùpwar khmewàyuqei
While peiratical Puey kisses the princess on her forehead once

Markers for mood work in a similar fashion, one must mark either the predicate or the subject. And so the examples which I gave above of sentences which lack a subject the marker must fall upon the predicatae.

Qhátim pútlhi.
I am whimsical.
Qhátim xhmuju pútlhi.
Qhátim khrúju qìr xhmé pútlhi.
Qhátimàmpeit pútlhi.
I intend to be whimisical.
Qhátim suju pútlhi.
I shall not be whimsical.

Xàyati xhmir khmeníwa.
The candy pirate is sad.
Xàyati xhmuju xhmir khmeníwa.
Xàyati khrúju qìr xhmé xhmir khmeníwa.
Xayatiyàmpein xhmir khmeníwa.
The candy pirate must be sad.
Xàyati suju xhmir khmeníwa.
The candy pirate must not be sad.
Now the above sentence actually has a subject in the dative form of the locative case, but even though Xàyati xhmir khmeníwa xhmuju is perfectly sound, it is less often chanted than Xàyati xhmuju xhmir khmeníwa.

Fhlùsaxing tsena tlhir stélar.
The princess wears a blouse.
Fhlùsa xhmuju’ xing tsena tlhir stélar.
Fhlùsa khrúju qìr xhmé xing tsena tlhir stélar.
Fhlusayàmpei tsena tlhir stélar.
The princess intends to ear a blouse.
Fhlùsa suju xing tsena tlhir stélar.
The princess intends not to wear a blouse.

However, more often then not, clauses which consist of a predicate and a form of the locative case, which may or may not be the subject, use a periphrastic strategem for expressing the injunctive mood. Do you remember the fun little adverbial phrase qìr xhmé with intent? It’s one of those phrases which takes qìr with a falling musical tone. Although one can use qìr xhmé in all different types of sentences, even sentences of the comment and irrealis mood, for clauses locative clauses that just simply lack a subject, qìr xhmé can itself mark the injunctive mood.

In this sentence qìr xhmé is clearly used in a conditional and so must be in the comment mood.

Khnieràlwoss stélarèjikhing qìr xhmé Puîye kakaûpa tyaqája.
If Puey intends to kiss the princess, the slave will sing.

And in this sentence qìr xhmé is clearly used in the irrealis mood.

Khnieráxeus khyi qìr xhmé stélarèjikhing Puîye!
Would that Puey kiss the princess with intention!

So you can see that qìr xhmé does not always mark the injunctive mood. However, with clauses that lack a subject it does. And the habeo construction consists of a predicate and a form of the locative case but no subject at all. And so qìr xhmé swoops down from the heavens, fights off the monsters, and saves this sentence.

Qìr xhmé qhátim pútlhi.
I intend to be whimsical.
Xàyati qìr xhmé xhmir khmeníwa.
The candy pirate shall be sad.
Fhlùsaxing tsena tlhir stélar qìr xhmé.
The princess must wear a blouse.

And qìr xhmé being just a locative phrases, may occur before and after the predicate or even at the end of the clause as you have seen. And now at last we know how to express to have in the injunctive mood. Wasn’t this an exciting investigation?
Qìr xhmé Puiyusàswaor óqla.Puiyusàswaor óqla xhmuju.Puiyusàswaor óqla khrúju qir xhmé.Puiyusàswaor óqlayàmpeiPuîyus intends to have flowren.Puiyusàswaor óqla suju.Puîyus intends not to have flowers.Puîyus qìr xhmé’ óqlayàswaor.Puîyus xhmuju’ óqlayàswaor.Puîyus khrúju qìr xhmé’ óqlayàswaor.Puiyusàmpei’ óqlayàswaor.Flowren intend to have a Puîyus.Puîyuss suju’ óqlayàswaor.Flowers intend not to have a Puîyus. Óqla qìr xhmé jineqi.Óqla xhmuju jineqi.Óqla khrúju qìr xhmé jineqi.Óqlayàmpei jineqi.I shall have flowren.Óqla suju jineqi.I shall not have flowers. Wtháyaswaôrengit qìr xhmé sqàkhan.Wtháyaswaôrengit sqàkhan xhmuju.Wtháyaswaôrengit sqàkhan khrúju qìr xhmé.Wtháyaswaôrengit sqakhanàmpeiSqàkhan qìr xhmé wtháyaswaôrengit.Sqàkhan xhmuju wtháyaswaôrengit.Sqàkhan khrúju qìr xhmé wtháyaswaôrengit.Sqakhanàmpei wtháyaswaôrengitPerchance I intend to have scurrying rocks.Wtháyaswaôrengit sqàkhan suju.Sqàkhan suju wtháyaswaôrengit.Perchance I intend not to have scurrying rocks. Jaê stélàrejikh xhyuqoas qìr xhmé’ óqla jin.I see Þe Princess who shall have flowren. In the above example one really should just use the locative phrase qìr xhmé, for it would sound just too awkward to use a regular suffix of the injunctive mood. Jaê stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya qìr xhmé’ óqla jin.I see Þe Princess who allegedly shall have flowren. The above sentence I also think works best with qìr xhmé rather than with a formal suffix of the injunctive mood. Don’t you see just how useful these little periphrastic expressions can be? Khneuyóqla púxhmi qìr xhmé.Khneuyóqla xhmuju púxhmi.Khneuyóqla khrúju qìr xhmé púxhmi.Khneuyóqlayàmpei púxhmi.I shall have flowren.Khneuyóqla suju púhxmi.I shall have no flowers. Tuyóqla túxhmi qìr xhmé.Tuyóqla xhmuju túxhmi.Tuyóqla khrúju qìr xhmé túxhmi.Tuyóqlayàmpei túxhmi.Thou shalt have flowren.Tuyóqla suju túhxmi.Thou shalt have no flowers.

I can’t believe that I’ve written this much without Fhólus and Aîya’s interruptions. They must be very tired indeed.

Either that, my Sister, or they just find this particular form of the locative case e'er to fascinating.

Well who doesn’t find the kekhìsyu case utterly wonderous?

Are we done yet, Princess?

Did you notice how one may use the injunctive mood with the negative suffix +suju with the Habeo Construction? This is the normal and only way to negate the Habeo Construction in the the third mood, so we don’t even have to worry about using a participle that means lack or one of the khnena- prefixes.

So we’re done, right, little Sister?

I just wish to mention that we do have a little bit of syntactic irregularity with the Habeo Construction as well as other constructions which consist of a predicate and a form of the locative case which may or may not be the subject. I explained before how one used the subordinate form of the locative case, that is pejor+/-atser to create subordinate clasues that mean Since, because, when, while, provided that, if, an. Well, that only works for a clause with a predicate and a subject. One simply cannot use pejor+/atser to make subordinate clauses of a clause that consists of a predicate and a form of the locative case. One can say

Pejor qhátim xhthènteqhe pú.
Being happy I go somewhere.

But one cannot say

Pejor qhátim pútlhi
Being happy, and on me
The above utterance has no predicate or subject! It’s not a clause at all, it’s just a couple of locatives floating about, it’s as much of a sentence as qiêlaloi qir lwánol on the hills and in the castles may be. It’s just a description.

In order form subordinate clauses for a clause that consists of a predicate and a form of the locative case, one must inflect a form of the relative pronoun kes, use the affixes –alwos or tyoe to form a conditional, use the level six suffix –ejet because, since X is the root or just use conjunctions to create another sentence.

Form of kes
Conditional using –alwos or tyoe
-ejet
Conjunctions
Keqoas qhátim pútlhi
When I am whimsical
Qhátimàlwos pútlhi
If I am whimsical
Qhátimm tyoe pútlhi
Unless I am whimsical
Qhátìmejet pútlhi
Because I am whimsical
Eiqhorqhátim pútlhi
And, also, it happened that I am whimsical

Keyaloisas xàyati xhmir khmeníwa
As soon as the candy pirate is sad
Xayatiyàlwos xhmir khmeníwa
Xàyati xhmir khmeníwayàlwos
If the candy pirate is sad
Xàyati tyoe xhmir khmeníwa
Xàyati xhmir khmeníwa tyoe
Unless the candy pirate is sad

Xayatìyejet xhmir khmeníwa
Since the candy pirate is sad
Xhnoet xàyati xhmir khmeníwa
And, however, nonetheless, moreover the candy pirate is sad
Keyatsersas fhlùsaxing tsena tlhir stélar
When the princess wears a blouse
Fhlusayàlwosing tsena tlhir stélar
Fhlùsa tyoe xing tsena tlhir stélar
Unless the princess wears a blouse
Fhlusayèjeting tsena tlhir stélar
Because the princess wears a blouse
Es fhlùxaxing tsena tlhir stélar
Also, and, until the princess wears a blouse
Keyexhyeusas Puiyusàswaor óqla
As soon as Puîyus hath flowers
Puiyusàswaor óqlayàlwos
If Puîyus has flowers
Puiyusàswaor óqla tyoe
Unless Puîyus has flowers
Puiyusàswaor óqlàyejet
Since Puîyus has flowers
…-aiqhor Puiyusàswaor óqla
… also Puîyus has flowers
Ke se sas Puîyus óqlayàswaor
As soon as flowers have a Puîyus
Puiyusàlwos óqlayàswaor
If flowers have Puîyus
Puîyus tyoe’ óqlayàswaor
Unless flowers have Puîyus
Puiyùsejet óqlayàswaor
Because flowers have a Puîyus
… xhnoe Puîyus óqlayàswaor
… until flowers have a Puîyus
Keqoas óqla jineqi
When I have flowers
Óqlayàlwos jineqi
If I have flowers
Óqla tyoe jineqi
Unless I have flowers
Óqlàyejet jineqi
Since I have flowers
… aqhus óqla jineqi
… and I hae flowers
Keyaloisas wtháyaswaôrengit sqàkhan /
Keyaloisass sqàkhan wtháyaswaôrengit
As soon as I may have scurrying rocks

Wtháyaswaôrengit sqakhanàlwos /
Sqakhanàlwos wtháyaswaôrengit
If I have scurrying rocks
Wtháyaswaôrengit sqàkhan tyoe /
Sqàkhan tyoe wtháyaswaôrengit
Unless I have scurrying rocks


Wtháyaswaôrengit sqakhànejet /
Sqakhànejet wtháyaswaôrengit
Because I have scurrying rocks

… -epyer wtháyaswaôrengit sqàkhan /
… -epyer sqàkhan wtháyaswaôrengit
…but I have scurrying rocks

Keyatsersas jaê stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqla jin
When I see the princess who has flowers
Jaeyàlwos stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqla jin /
Jaê stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqla jinalwos
If I see the princess who has flowers
Jaê tyoe stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqla jin /
Jaê stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqla jin tyoe
Unless I see the princess who has flowers

Jaêyejet stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqla jin
Because I see the princess who has flowers
… xhnoike jaê stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqla jin
… and I see the princess who has flowers
Keyexhyeusas jaê stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya’ óqla jin
As soon as I see the princess who allegedly has flowers
Jaeyàlwos stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya’ óqla jin /
Jaê stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya’ óqla jinalwos
If I see the princess who allegedly has flowers
Jaê tyoe stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya’ óqla jin /
Jaê stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya’ óqla jin tyoe
Unless I see the princess who allegedly has flowers
Jaêyet stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya’ óqla jin
Since I see the princess who allegedly has flowers
… jaê stélàrejikh xúyaswaorapònya’ óqla jint fheil
… (either) … or I see the princess who allegedly has flowers
Ke se sas khneuyóqla púxhmi
When I have flowers
Khneuyóqlayàlwos púxhmi
If I have flowers
Khneuyóqla tyoe púxhmi
Unless I have flowers
Khneuyóqlàyejet púxhmi
Because I have flowers
Eiqhorkhneuyóqla púxhmi
For example, for instance, similarly, in short I have flowers
Keqoas tuyóqla túxhmi
As soon as you have flowers
Tuyóqlayàlwos túxhmi
If you have flowers
Tuyóqla tyoe túxhmi
Unless you have flowers
Tuyóqlàyejet túxhmi
Since you have flowers
Kho tuyóqla túxhmi
So, then, thus you have flowers

This is will be very important to keep in mind for the future, for we shall see that when creating a subordinate clause for Habeo or any other clause consisting of just a predicate and a form of the locative case that one never never never never never uses the form pejor+/-atser to express subordination. And this may actually be a true steadfast rule of grammar. Fhólus, Aîya are you awake now? We have an actual rule that one can paint carve in obsidian. One does not form subordination for the Habeo Construction and the like using pejor+/-atser. Isn’t that interesting?

My Sister, my Princess, I believe we are heading onto a new topic.

Yes, Fhérma. Ah, how does one negate the Habeo Construction. We’ve seen negative forms of the injunctive mood used with Have of course.

Tòtwoji suju Puiyeyàswaor.
Puey will have no mochi.
Puey must have no mochi.
Puey should have no mochi.
Puey ought to have no mochi.
Puey intends to have no mochi.

And yet not all utterances can be in the injunctive mood. In a similar fashion we have met a negative form of the irrealis mood used in the habeo construction such as in this:

Khnenautòtwoji khnón aîPuîye!
Have thou no mochi!

And yet how does one say One does not have someone or something?

But didn’t you just say it?

Yes. No. But we have to figure out how we say it.

I’ll just paint the box while you figure out the big grammar thing thing thing.

Negative Forms of Have

In order to negate the forms of habeo one has two strategies, one used by inflecting with affixes and the other by using certain particples. The first strategy is to use the suffix –axúng or one of the khnena- prefixes. One does not use the deferential mode since the habeo construction only exists in the presumptive mode. These are the relavant affixes: ·axúng ne, not, opposite, refusal, denial of fact (all posiciouns) The Khnena- series: Khnena· Nowhat, nowho yzzz (root) of mee; I have ne (root)Khnenoi· Nowhat, nowho yzzz (root) of thee; Thou hast ne (root)Khnenii· Nowhat, nowho yzzz (root) of him; Hee hath ne (root)Khnenei· Nowhat, nowho yzzz (root) of him (another); Hee (another) hath ne (root)Khneno· Nowhat, nowho yzzz (root) of us; Wee have ne (root)Khnenao· Nowhat, nowho yzzz (root) of yee; Yee have ne (root)Khnene· Nowhat, nowho yzzz (root) of hem; They have ne (root)Khnenui· Nowhat, nowho yzzz (root) of hem (another); They (another) have ne root)Khnenau· Have thou/yee ne (root); be therethither ne (root) of thee, yee And as always we come unto examples Puiyusàswaor óqlàyaxúng.Khneniiyóqla Puîyus.Khneniiyóqla khnónt Puîyus.Puîyus hath no flowren.Puîyus óqlayaswaôraxúng.KhnenePuîyus óqla.KhnenePuîyus khnón óqla.Flowren have no Puîyus. Óqlàyaxúng jineqi.Khnenayóqla.Khnenayóqla khnónI do not have flowren. Wtháyaswaôrengit sqakhànaxúng.Sqakhànaxúng wtháyaswaôrengit.Khnenàsqakhan wtháyengit.Khnenàsqakhan khnón wtháyengitPerchance I have ne scurrying rocks. Jaê stélàrejikh xhyuqoas óqlàyaxúng jin.I see Þe Princess who hath no flowren. Puiyùsaxúng qíreu sqàkhan!Ás khneniîsqakhant Puîyus!Ás khneniîsqakhan khnónt Puîyus!May Puiyus have no scurrying rocks!Puîyus sqàkhan qíreu yaxúng!Ás khnenèsqakhant Puîyus!Ás khnenèsqakhan khnónt Puîyus!May scurrying rocks have ne Puîyus!Qwásaxúng qírenat qíreu!Ás khneniîqwás Qírenat!Ás khneniîqwás khnón Qírenat!May Þe Emperor not have Þe Moon!Lwánol tú qíreu xingaxúng!Khnenaulwánol!Khnenaulwánol khnón!Ás khnenoilwánol!Ás khnenoilwánol khnón!Have ne castlen!Poe’ óngaxúng tú qíreu xing!Khnenaûyóng!Khnenaûyóng khnón!Ás khnenoîyóng!Ás khnenoîyóng khnón!Don’t have my own honor!Wthá qíreu yengit qiêlaxúng!Ás khnènaqiel!Ás khnènaqiel khnón!May I have ne hills!Óqla’ wthá qíreu yalyiraxúng!Khnenauyóqla!Khnenauyóqla khnón!Ás khenoiyóqla!Ás khenoiyóqla khnónMay you have ne flowren! Khnenayóqla.Khnenayóqla khnón.I have ne flowren.

I just wish to mention unto you, my beloved that the usage of –axúng can change the meaning of the sentence.


X Y·qi·sur
X xhmir Y·axúng
X Y·aswaor·axúng
Xhmir Y·axúng X
Y·aswaor·axúng X
Y doth not have X


X·axúng Y·qi
X·axúng xhmir Y
X·axúng Y·aswaor
Xhmir Y X·axúng
Y·aswaor X·axúng
Y hath no X


Óqla púqisur.
I don’t have any flowren.
Óqla xhmir Puiyèyaxúng.
Óqla Puiyeyaswaôraxúng
Xhmir Puiyèyaxúng óqla.
Puiyeyaswaôraxúng óqla.

Puîyus doesn’t have any flowren.


Óqlàyaxúng púqi.
I have no flowren.
Óqlàyaxúng xhmir Puîye.
Óqlàyaxúng Puiyeyàswaor.
Xhmir Puîye’ óqlàyaxúng.
Puiyeyàswaor óqlàyaxúng

Puey hath no flowren.


However, the most common way to denote the Habeo Construction is to use one of our participles for lack in place of the negative forms of have. The relavent forms are èlwilu those who are without, lack someone or something pwìxu those who lack, are without someone or something and qyìxer those who lack, want someone or something, and this last form also occurs with the –qhí- infix and becomes qyiqhíxer those who crave someone or something and tlheîrkha, tlheîrkhamat means those who do not have, who lack someone or something and xèkhqa those who lack, want someone or something. All of these forms which mean those who lack are forms which never take the affix negative suffix –axúng, and they appear but in the presumptive mode. Other relevant forms are tèwa lack, deficiency and wtsùswo lack, want and they also completely lack the use of the –axúng suffix and may only appear in the presumptive mode. Two affixes which also fall into the semantic category of lacking is –elwil the level one locative suffix which means without, lacking and –esqoir the level seven verbal suffix which means X lacks, doeth not have, is deprived of (root). These two suffixes, however may occasionally be found with the negative suffix.
Hence, the most common way to negate the Habeo Construction is to use one of these forms which means lack.
Èlwilu’ óqlayòlkha Puîyus.Puîyus hath ne flowren. Qyìxer óqlayòklha pú.I do not have flowren. Jaê stélàrejikh xèkhqa kae óqlayòlkha jin.I see Þe Princess who hath ne flowren.. Xekhqayáxeus sqakhanàxhmikh Puîyus!May Puiyus have no scurrying rocks!

Traditional grammarians have taught that the above participles which mean lack and not have are considered suppletive forms of the Habeo Construction, and I believe that is correct, for the participles that mean lack never take the –axúng suffixes and may only be used in the xhrànte presumptive mode. One could not say, for instance:

Khnenopaingakh wtsùswo xhroe’ óqla xhroa.
I have flowren.

Now Khnenopaingakh is a form of the deferential mode which I shall introduce to you later, it essentially means I am sorry but I do not or am not someone or something. One easily says Khnenopaingakh khmeníwa xhroe I am not a pirate, but the deferential mode cannot use one of these suppletive forms of Habeo. Habeo dwelleth but in its natal soil of the Presumptive Mode.

The suffix –esqoir, being a suffix, is only found in the presumptive mood anyway. It may be used with the –axúng suffix, but it does sound a bit odd unto me. The suffix –elwil, being a form of the locative case, may also be used with –axúng. I should probably mention that –sur is the form of –axúng which one uses with personal pronouns.

My Sister, my Princess, sometimes I hear Karuláta using such creative terms as above. Kàrula has chanted:

Óqlayesqoîraxúng pú.
Óqlayèsqoir púsur.
Óqlayelwìlaxúng pú.
Óqlayèlwil púsur.
I don’t lack flowren.

The pàsqo sentences above are grammatical but sound very highly marked. For instance one cay say Joistoâyaxúng khleit jin I humbly don’t miskiss you and such a system may sound a little odd but still perfectly grammatical, and one is just tempted to start again and just say Joikhnierìxhna khleit jin I altogether and meekly kiss you. One would more likely say óqla púqi rather then óqlayesqoîraxúng pú.

I can’t believe that the Traîkhiim aren’t interrupting us yet. For the sake of completeness I would like to list the forms of the Habeo Construction used with subordination. When I gave the list of different types of clauses, omnivolitional, volitional, non-volitional, subjectless clauses and the rest, I gave examples of different types of subordination without going in depth on how they were formed. At a later time I shall do so, but for the moment let me just assure you that even though one cannot use the subordinate forms of the locative case with the habeo construction, it does not mean that one is constricted in how to express having someone or something.

The Habeo Construction With Subordination

That was a nice box. Oh look, the Traîkhiim are back and

Just give the notebook unto us me them. You not qualified to be the talamalwùnti great glossopoeist onamaturge Princess Empress Éfhelìnye the Kunstsprachenerfinder glottoteta larginchzint pükel you Éfhelìnye Princess person nyaaaah! We taking o'er this project now we

[chocolate and yoghourt smears]

Will you two stop writing in my Sister’s notebook? She’s doing her best to describe and create, to explicate and enlightening language, and I think she’s doing it not just for my beloved Brother but for all creatures, whether beast or mortal, whether spirit or immortal. Neither saints nor priests nor philosophers have been able to see through all the rainbows of language, and not even the grammarians have, will you just stop tearing at the book and

Okay Fhermáta really boring here so we sitting on her and writing on the pages. Fhólus is biting her nose and sitting on her lap I we have the notebook. Now listen hear all y’alls! We’ve had it up to our gizzards with all the irregularities and rules and problems and crucibles and cruxes that Language it the it has! So I Aîya and Fhólus a little he she the one helping me we have an entirely new plan for language.
Behold New and Perfect Language all Logic and Sparkling Good and New!

From this moment on Babel is going to be perfect, it will be the best way for fishes and flowers and Traîkhiim and children and Immortals and clockwork machines and pies and trees and leaves and ice all to communicate with each other. And none of this messy, Oh look at this irregularity it so fun I’m going to do a little ballerina thing. Thththththt!
Babel is going to be completely neutral and nothing. But it will also be logical and full and unambiguous and everything and flexible. Oh and we want it to sound crunchy and remind us of fluttering wings and snarting and snarling, and we want whistles and burps and sneezes to be part of it. Oh and I we having another idea we want the language to be sparkly and sharp and smell good and to smell like good baking. And we want there to be a thousand or so basic ingredient words and from them all the other words are builded up and it all very simple no exceptions and all that. Babel should be removing all of the boundaries to creativity and science and prayer and poesy.
And no more of this silliness or we just stop speaking it!

I have managed to take the notebook away from the Traîkhiim. Éfhelìnye wants me to write now.

My friends, when we get to a fuller description of the Gibberish form of the Babel language I shall let you be free to include any unusual changes and thoughts and sound and creativity that you see fit. For the meanwhile though I do not wish for you to think of these creativities as a problem, but rather as a necessary feature of language. No matter how beautiful and wonderful our language of music may be, it is also meant to be a form of communicative song. Just because the habeo construction lacks a couple of proper way to say while or provided that does not mean that we have difficulty in making ourselves known. For instance, one could imagine a language where rather than inflecting for the aspect of the action or status of the predicate one tried to imagine it as a moment of memory or time such as in our locative expressions qìr pé or qìr xhré and the like. For the moment I shall be ignoring the Gibberish suffixes –a, au, oi, ai, anya, eta for they can be a little problematic in the overall music of Babel. The point is that in such a system one would have to say something like

Although/since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/in the context of I am going to Jaràqtu
Although/since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/in the context of I have been going to Jaràqtu
Although/since/because/when/while/provided that/if/an/in the context of I shall be going to Jaràqtu

And then there would have to be all sorts of complicated rules for when to use such time markers especially in subordinate clauses. Does one say

I am believing that Puey has kissed me.
I am believing that Puey is kissing me.
I am believing that Puey shall be kissing me.
I have believed that Puey has kissed me.
I shall believe that Puey shall kiss me.

Such a system I think would start creating even more irregularities than what we have now. I hope that I will have mollified you mansuete Pèqlor dancers as to the inherent irregularities of language.

The Habeo Construction with Subordination


Ke se sas/keqoas/keyaloisas/keyatsersas/keyexhyeusas X Y·qi …

Ke se sas/keqoas/keyaloisas/keyatsersas/keyexhyeusas X xhmir Y …

Ke se sas/keqoas/keyaloisas/keyatsersas/keyexhyeusas X Y·aswaor …

Ke se sas/keqoas/keyaloisas/keyatsersas/keyexhyeusas xhmir Y X …

Ke se sas/keqoas/keyaloisas/keyatsersas/keyexhyeusas Y·aswaor X …
As soon as/when Y hath X …


X·alwos Y·qi …

X·alwos xhmir Y …

X·alwos Y·aswaor …

Xhmir Y X·alwos …

Y·aswaor X·alwos …

Y hath an hypothetical X; if Y hath X …



X tyoe Y·qi …

X tyoe xhmir Y …

X tyoe Y·aswaor …

Xhmir Y X tyoe …

Y·aswaor X tyoe …
If Y hath no X; unleß Y hath X …



X· aonyas Y·qi …

X·aonyas xhmir Y …

X· aonyas Y·aswaor …

Xhmir Y X· aonyas …


Y·aswaor X· aonyas …
Y hath habitual X; Y usually hath X


X· efhto Y·qi …


X· efhto xhmir Y …

X· efhto Y·aswaor …

Xhmir Y X· efhto …

Y·aswaor X· efhto …
Y hath potential X; Y can have X




X· angur Y·qi …

X· angur xhmir Y …

X· angur Y·aswaor …

Xhmir Y X· angur …

Y·aswaor X· angur …
Y hath an intrinsick X; Y by nature hath X


X jis Y·qi …

X jis xhmir Y …

X jis Y·aswaor …

Xhmir Y X jis …

Y·aswaor X jis …
Before, prior Y hath X …




X qus Y·qi …

X qus xhmir Y …

X qus Y·aswaor …

Xhmir Y X qus …

Y·aswaor X qus …
After Y hath X …


X-ejet Y·qi …

X-ejet xhmir Y …

X-ejet Y·aswaor …

Xhmir Y X-ejet …

Y·aswaor X-ejet …
Because Y hath X …




X pfhe Y·qi …

X pfhe xhmir Y …

X pfhe Y·aswaor …

Xhmir Y X pfhe …

Y·aswaor X /pfhe …
Just as, as, like Y hath X


Ke se sas/keqoas/keyaloisas/keyatsersas/keyexhyeusas tòtwoji púqi.
As soon as, when I have mochi …
Ke se sas/keqoas/keyaloisas/keyatsersas/keyexhyeusas tòtwoji xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Ke se sas/keqoas/keyaloisas/keyatsersas/keyexhyeusas tòtwoji khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Ke se sas/keqoas/keyaloisas/keyatsersas/keyexhyeusas xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha tòtwoji …
Ke se sas/keqoas/keyaloisas/keyatsersas/keyexhyeusas khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha tòtwoji …
As soon as/when the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade, has some mochi …

Totwojiyàlwos púqi
I have hypothetical mochi, if I have mochi …
Totwojiyàlwos xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Totwojiyàlwos khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha totwojiyàlwos …
Khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha totwojiyàlwos …
The candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade, hath hypothetical mochi; if the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade, hath some mochi


Tòtwoji tyoe púqi …
If I have no mochi; unless I have mochi …
Tòtwoji tyoe xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Tòtwoji tyoe khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha tòtwoji tyoe …
Khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha tòtwoji tyoe …
If the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade hath no mochi, unless the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade hath mochi …
Totwojiyaônyas xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Totwojiyaônyas khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha totwojiyaônyas …
Khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha totwojiyaônyas …
The candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade, hath habitual mochi; the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade, usually hath mochi


Totwojiyèfhto púqi
I have potential mochi; I can have some mochi

Totwojiyèfhto xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Totwojiyèfhto khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha totwojiyèfhto …
Khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha totwojiyèfhto …
The candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade, hath potential mochi, the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade, can have some mochi …

Totwojìyangur púqi …
I have intrinsick mochi, I by nature have mochi
Totwojìyangur xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Totwojìyangur khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha totwojìyangur …
The candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade, hath intrinsick mochi, the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade, by nature hath some mochi

Tòtwoji jis púqi …
Before I have mochi; prior to my having some mochi …
Tòtwoji jis xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Tòtwoji jis khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha tòtwoji jis …
Khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha tòtwoji jis …
Before the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade hath mochi, prior to the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade’s having mochi …

Tòtwoji qus púqi …
After I have mochi …
Tòtwoji qus xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Tòtwoji qus khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha tòtwoji qus …
Khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha tòtwoji qus …
After the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade hath mochi

Totwojìyejet púqi …
After I have mochi …
Totwojìyejet xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Totwojìyejet khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha totwojìyejet …
Khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha totwojìyejet …
Because the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade hath mochi, since the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade, hath some mochi

Tòtwoji pfhe púqi …
Just as, as, like I have mochi …
Tòtwoji pfhe xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Tòtwoji pfhe khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha …
Xhmir khmeníwa senípási xhamarnafhinùlkha tòtwoji pfhe …
Khmeníwa senípásiyàswaor xhamarnafhinùlkha tòtwoji pfhe …
Just as the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade hath mochi, as the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade has some mochi, like the candy pirate, hyper on pink lemonade has some mochi …


Ke se sas óqla púqi …
As soon as I have flowren …
Keyexhyeusas Puiyeyàswaor óqla …
As soon as Puey hath flowren …

Xhmir Puîye’ óqlayàlwos …
If Puey hath a flower …
Xhmir Puîye’ óqla tyoe …
Unleß Puey hath a flower …
Xhmir Puîye’ óqlayaônyas.
Puey usualwise hath a flower..
Xhmir Puîye’ óqlayèfhto.
Puey can have a flower.
Xhmir Puîye’ óqlàyangur.
Puey by nature hath a flower.
Xhmir Puîye’ óqla jis …
Before Puey hath a flower …
Xhmir Puîye’ óqla qus …
After Puey hath a flower …
Xhmir Puîye’ óqlàyejet…
Because Puey hath a flower …
Xhmir Puîye’ óqla pfhe …
Just as Puey hath a flower …

The Habeo Construction cannot be used with level six modal suffixes except for the causative affixes +ur, -etwur and –etwéreu as well as the –ejet suffix. If one wants to use a modal one must use a modal construction with xhnir+ or tlhir with the khleîxhme ingeminate case. In short one is just recasting the sentence and

No no no Empress of tomorrow! So on the one hand one we they can’t use the level six suffixes and that’s fine and good we can remember that but now you say we can’t use them except for ur and its clan and –ejet what so suspecial about –ejet we getting Really ANNOYED WITH YOU EMPRESS!

I am not entirely sure you should be speaking to my Sister in such a tone. Oh, let me write down her words. My Sister by marriage is saying that one must not confuse the place an affixes falls in the midst of a word with its syntactic function. The way that we decline words is not perfect mirror of grammar, nor should we keep expecting it to

But that no fair! Okay, just to be consistent we will stop using the suffix –ejet with the have. Let’s keep the Habeo Construction pure and clean! None of this weirdness verbing it all up.

Are you two going to stop writing in the Princess’ notebook?

We just don’t like the weirdness of it all! We going to stop speaking in Babel if you don’t start making sense.

My dears, you two barely speak any intelligible Babel at the moment. I’m going to keep this book away from you while I write out my Sister’s

It just completely weird and crazy that one cannot use pejor+ and –atser to say if and an and when and while and although and because and since and provided that and in the context of. Okay sure it fine to use the dances of kes it can be used for when and as soon as and we don’t really care about –alwos and tyoe conditionals all smell bad to us but we just really vexed with you Empress that there no way to say while having and although having and provided that having and in the context of having without some circumlocution and periphrastics and

Do I really have to explain all this again? My friends, the irregularity is entirely functional. The reason for lacking the subordinate form of the locative case pejor+/-atser for the Habeo Construction is very simple. The Habeo construction consisteth of a predicate experiencer and a form of the locative case taking the affixes xhmir+ or –aswaor or –qi or +qíreu. If one were to use pejor+ or –atser there would be two forms of the locative case, and any loquent Real Person speaking in Babel would naturally interpret the clause quite literally. For instance this clause:

Puiyeyàswaor óqlàyatser …
Quite simply means, For Puey, in flowers …

We natal speakers of Babel do not feel that there is somehow a deficiency in the Habeo Construction since it cannot be used with pejor+ and –atser. After all both the Habeo Construction and the participles that mean lack are only found in the presumptive mode, and so are already highly marked. The Wise have traditionally taught that the participles of language are all semantically non-restrictive, and while I believe that to be true in theory, I think in practice the semantics of our vocabulary as well as the constructions that are intelligible unto us force us to think of language not as a system of strict logic, but almost a covanent among our minds and dreams and the thoughts of all others. One can think of language as a great symphony consisting of all different types of musical instruments. One cannot have the trumps and crwths and bagpipes all playing at the same time, we must have some order unto it, and yet the order cannot be delinerated by some sort of outside system which does not take into account the sounds of the different types of instruments. It is all well and good to say that one flute should play for every single bagpipe, but the pragmatics are such that many flautists may have to play to be as loud as a single piper. It is similar with language. The Habeo Construction is a powerful instrument that we have, it is our bagpipe, loud and strong and clear, and yet the pipes cannot be used for certain types of music, for something quite and gentler and better suited for the flutes.

There are many ways, furthermore, to express having in recasting the clause. Lateron we shall meet the level seven verbal suffixes, and among them we shall meet –ekhmit (root) is mine or ours and –ekhmes (root) is yours and –ekhmen (root) is his or hers or theirs. And so one saith:

Óqlayekhmìtejet …
Because the flowers are mine or ours …
Óqlayekhmèsejet …
Because the flowers are yours …
Óqlayekhmènejet …
Because the flowers are his or hers or theirs …

Verbals may take the subordinating form of the locative case, and the sense of -ekhmit, -ekhmes, -ekhmen may be completely with the construct case.

Jetrayatserèkhmit …
Although. since, because, when, while, provided that, if, an, in the context of the pies are mine or ours …
Jetrayatserèkhmit púxhrejor …
Although, since, because, when, while, provided that, if, an, in the context of the pies are mine …
Jetrayatserèkhmit tepuxhrejor …
Although, since, because, when, while, provided that, if, an, in the context of the pies are ours …
Pejor jetrayèkhmes …
Although, since, because, when, while, provided that, if, an, in the context of the pies are yours…
Pejor jetrayèkhment Fhólùsejikh …
Although, since, because, when, while, provided that, if, an, in the context of the pies are Fhólus’…

Another and very common way to express possession without using the Habeo Construction is to use the form of the locative case that takes the prefix xhnir+ meaning with, together with, along with, in the presence of, associate with, belonging to or one can use the form of the locative case that takes the suffix –entir belonging to.

Pejor óqla púxhni …
Since, because, when, while, provided that, if, an Þe flower belongs to me …
Pejor óqla Puiyeyèntir …
Since, because, when, while, provided that, if, an Þe flower belongs to Puey …

See, isn’t that fun?

Empress we the not talking with you. Language should be logical. Make sense. Irregularities are bad bad bad bad bad and you one bad girl for making language this goofy. You a stinky skunk lass.

That’s it. Sister, I’m throwing the Traîkhiim out into the blizzard. No, I’m throwing them out of the window. They can fly behind the warfleet for all I care.

You no help at all Fhermáta! You helping your Sister Princess Empress make language all goofy! We I we you think you just as bad.

Éfha, may I just toss them out? If we’re lucky they’ll fall into the Void and just become story.

No, Fhérma. Now there are several participles which one can use in place of the Habeo Construction. I have introduced a few of them before, but I shall mention them before, various participles which mean owning or holding something ancestrial. And these are participles are kór, kùrmat those who own or hold someone or something ancestrial and xòpen those who keep or hold someone or something ancestrial and khaôr, khàxhraor those who hold or retain someone or something ancestrial and khòlta, kholtelónge those who own or hold someone or something ancestrial as well as the participles khòpa, khòpamat and khór, khòreqhe which mean about the same thing. So one can quite easily use the subordinate form of the locative case with these participles and say:

Kurmàtatser jáyàxhmikh Puîye …
Khaxhraôratser jáyàxhmikh Puîye …
Although, since, because, when, while, provided that, if, an, in the context of Puey owns ancestrial lands …

There are a great many other near synonyms to having which one can find in our vocabulary. For instance we have kàqhan that is those who hold or grasp someone or something and kìpu those who hold someone or something and tsàkhto, tsàkhtomat and tsèqha and qthòpta, qthopelónge which all mean those who hold someone or something and jhkhànu, jhkhànunu those who hold or grasp someone or something and tnèqyeir those who hold someone or something firmly, support someone or something and both tnèrqha and pònxhe which both mean those who hold or grasp someone or something and twér those who grasp, keep, hold someone or something tightly and qèpfhel those who hold or grasp someone or something and lrékh those who get or hold someone or something and jhèqari those who hold or grasp someone or something, and this is one of those participles which can take the –qhi- infix, and in this case becomes jheqhíqari those who support someone or something and khyàsekh those who hold or contain or guard someone or something and khlàfhetu those who hold or grasp someone or something and khmés those who grasp or hold someone or something and xhnér those who keep or hold someone or something.

And some examples:
Lrékhejet óqlayòlkha Puîye …
Because or since Puey has holds flowers …

And one may use the subordinate form of the locative case like this:

Pejor twér óqlayòlkha Puîye …
Pejor qthopelónge’ óqlayòlkha Puîye …
Khmésatser óqlayòlkha Puîye …
Xhnératser óqlayòlkha Puîye …
Although, since, because, when, while, provided that, if, an, in the context of Puey holds flowren

Okay Empress we only partially mollified. So we can kinda sorta almost always say what we think may mean. But we not happy with all this silly fuzzy irregularity! We are the ones listening talking thinking about you.

Fhermáta let’s paint another box, because we’re coming to a new secion on the Habeo Construction

Habeo with Modal Participles and the Ingeminate Case in the Mediopassive Voice

The the the Empress the you! This had better not be another crazy irregularity coming up unto you.

When the Habeo Construction is used with Modal Participles and the Ingeminate Case, the construction is a completely regular usage of the Mediopassive Voice. At first it may seem irregular, but upon closer examination it is not. Please compare the following:

A X·afham/pejos Y kae xhnir/tlhir Z (sentient·animate) B·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu
A X·afham/pejos Y pfho xhnir/tlhir Z (non·sentient animate) B·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu
A X·afham/pejos Y pfhu xhnir/tlhir Z (non·sentient inanimate) B·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu.

In these examples I shall use the participle xóng which means romantic love but which when used as a modal participle with xhnir+ means because of romantic love and únitem thos ewho yearn for unattainable goals but which when used as a modal participle with tlhir+ means yearns uselessly.

Éfhelìnye xhuxùrlafham xóng kae púxhnisa xúyaxhwa.
That one is Éfhelìnye whom I honor because of romantick love.
Éfhelìnye xhuxùrlafham xóng pfho xhnir óqla xúyaxhwa.
That one is Éfhelìnye whom Þe flower honors because of romantick love.
Éfhelìnye xhuxùrlafham xóng pfhu xhnir sqánamen xúyaxhwa.
That one is Éfhelìnye whom Þe rock honors because of romantick love.
Éfhelìnye xhuxùrlafham únitem kae pútlhisa xúyaxhwa.
That one is Éfhelìnye whom I yearn futilely to honor
Éfhelìnye xhuxùrlafham únitem pfho tlhir óqla xúyaxhwa.
That one is Éfhelìnye whom Þe flower yearns futilely to honor.
Éfhelìnye xhuxùrlafham únitem pfhu tlhir sqánamen xúyaxhwa.
That one is Éfhelìnye whom Þe rock yearns futilely to honor.

The predicate in the above formula can of course be substituted for a predicate taking an object or with a following locative clause.

Khniêr Éfhelìnye xhroe xhuxùrlafham xóng kae púxhnisa púyaxhwa.
I kiß Éfhelìnye whom I honor because of romantick love.
Khniêr Éfhelìnye xhroe xhuxùrlafham únitem kae pútlhisa púyaxhwa.
I kiß Éfhelìnye whom I yearn futilely to honor.
Xhthènteqhe’ Éfhelinyèyutakh xhuxùrlafham xóng kae púxhnisa púyaxhwa.
I go toward Éfhelìnye whom I honor because of romantick love.
Xhthènteqhe’ Éfhelinyèyutakh xhuxùrlafham únitem kae pútlhisa púyaxhwa.
I go toward Éfhelìnye whom I yearn futilely to honor.

The above construction is a completely regular formation of the mediopassive voice. The subject of the main clause is denoted with the focus particle -axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu and after -afham/pejos the ingeminate case is used to shew the subject of the subordinate clause. Sometimes grammarians refer to the subject of the main clause, marked with the focus suffix as the exterior subject, and the subject of the subordinate clause as the interior subject, for the mediopassive voice consists of two different subjects working at the same time. The scheme for the habeo construction with modal participles and the ingeminate case can be summaried in the schema that follows:

A X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu B (pronoun)·qi.
A·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu B (pronoun)·qi.
A X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhmir B.
A·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhmir B.
A X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu B·aswaor.
A·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu B·aswaor.
B hath A whom Y X’s.

A X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhnir/tlhir Z B (pronoun)·qi.
A·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhnir/tlhir Z B (pronoun)·qi.
A X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhnir/tlhir Z xhmir B.
A·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhnir/tlhir Z xhmir B.
A X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhnir/tlhir Z B·aswaor.
A·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhnir/tlhir Z B·aswaor.
B hath A whom Z Y’s to X.

Xhmir A B X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu.
Xhmir A B·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu.
A·aswaor B X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu.
A·aswaor B·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu.
A hath B, whom Y Z’s.

Xhmir A B X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhnir/tlh ir Z.
Xhmir A B·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhnir/tlhir Z.
A·aswaor B X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhnir/tlhir Z.
A·aswaor B·axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu X·afham/pejos Y kae/pfho/pfhu xhnir/tlhir Z.
A hath B, whom Z Y’s to X.

And now the true fun of language, not in the creation or in the analysis, but in the use of it.

Óqla khniêrafham Éfhelìnye kae púqi.
Óqlayàxhwa khniêrafham Éfhelìnye kae púqi.
I have a flower whom Éfhelìnye kißes.
I have a flower kißed by Éfhelìnye.
Remember that the mediopassive voice is considered a combination of all four of the other voices, and so sometimes there can be a continuous of translations. I can only offer a few. I think that part of the joy of Babel is that we may use just a few words and by apply affixes and dancing with the grammar create entire symphonies of meaning. Let’s continue with the examples, shall we?

Óqla khniêrafham Éfhelìnye kae xhmir Puîyus.
Óqlayàxhwa khniêrafham Éfhelìnye kae xhmir Puîyus.
Óqla khniêrafham Éfhelìnye kae Puiyusàswaor.
Óqlayàxhwa khniêrafham Éfhelìnye kae Puiyusàswaor.
Puey hath a flower whom Éfhelìnye kißes.
Puey hath a flower kißed by Éfhelìnye.

Óqla khniêrafham xóng kae xhnir Éfhelìnye púqi.
Óqlayàxhwa khniêrafham xóng kae xhnir Éfhelìnye púqi.
I have a flower whhhich Éfhelìnye kißes because of romantick love.
I have a flower kißed by Éfhelìnye because of romantick love.
Óqla khniêrafham xóng kae xhnir Éfhelìnye xhmir Puîyus.
Óqlayàxhwa khniêrafham xóng kae xhnir Éfhelìnye xhmir Puîyus.
Óqla khniêrafham xóng kae xhnir Éfhelìnye Puiyusàswaor.
Óqlayàxhwa khniêrafham xóng kae xhnir Éfhelìnye Puiyusàswaor.
Puîyus hath a flower whhhich Éfhelìnye kißes because of romantick love.
Puîyus hath a flower kißed by Éfhelìnye because of romantivë love.

Óqla khniêrafham xóng kae xhnir Éfhelìnye púqi.
Óqlayàxhwa khniêrafham únitem kae tlhir Éfhelìnye púqi.
I have a flower which Éfhelìnye yearns futilely to kiß.
I have a flower which is yearned futilely to be kißed by Éfhelìnye.
Óqla khniêrafham únitem kae tlhir Éfhelìnye xhmir Puîyus.
Óqlayàxhwa khniêrafham únitem kae tlhir Éfhelìnye xhmir Puîyus.
Óqla khniêrafham únitem kae tlhir Éfhelìnye Puiyusàswaor.
Óqlayàxhwa khniêrafham únitem kae tlhir Éfhelìnye Puiyusàswaor.
Puîyus hath a flower which Éfhelìnye yearns futilely to kiß.
Puîyus hath a flower which is yearned futilely to be kißed by Éfhelìnye.

Xhmir Éfhelìnye’ úqei lreixemàtafham Puîyus kae.
Xhmir Éfhelìnye’ úqeiyàxhwa lreixemàtafham Puîyus kae.
Éfhelinyeyàswaor úqei lreixemàtafham Puîyus kae.
Éfhelinyeyàswaor úqeiyàxhwa lreixemàtafham Puîyus kae.
Éfhelìnye hath books which Puîyus reads.
Éfhelìnye hath books read by Puîyus.

Xhmir Éfhelìnye’ úqei lreixemàtafham xóng kae xhnir Puîyus.
Xhmir Éfhelìnye’ úqeiyàxhwa lreixemàtafham xóng kae xhnir Puîyus.
Éfhelinyeyàswaor úqei lreixemàtafham xóng kae xhnir Puîyus.
Éfhelinyeyàswaor ‘úqeiyàxhwa lreixemàtafham xóng kae xhnir Puîyus.
Éfhelìnye hath books which Puîyus reads because of romantick love.
Éfhelìnye hath books read by Puîyus because of romantivë love.

Xhmir Éfhelìnye’ úqei lreixemàtafham únitem kae tlhir Puîyus.
Xhmir Éfhelìnye’ úqeiyàxhwa lreixemàtafham únitem kae tlhir Puîyus.
Éfhelinyeyàswaor úqei lreixemàtafham únitem kae tlhir Puîyus.
Éfhelinyeyàswaor ‘úqeiyàxhwa lreixemàtafham únitem kae tlhir Puîyus.
Éfhelìnye hath books Þæt Puîyus yearns futilewise to read.
Éfhelìnye hath books Þæt are yearned futilely to be read by Puîyus.

Empress the future the tomorrow?

Yes, Fhólus?

Have we of recent informed you that you the least popular maid in the harem? Just want you to know. Our heads hurting to much to hear all this syntactic brickbat galimatia brewing.

I’m quite sorry. Now, at first glance this pattern that we have stablished for the Habeo Construction with modals and the ingeminate case may seem irregular for two reasons. Firstly, there appears to be a curious lack in that one cannot front a personal pronoun ending in -qi. For instance, one can say without any difference in meaning, though with a slight change in emphasis:

Stélar khniêr kupejos xóng kae xhnir Puîyus Karijoiyàswaor.
Karijoiyàswaor stélar khniêr kupejos xóng kae xhnir Puîyus.
Kàrijoi hath a Princess whom Puîyus kißes because of romantick love.

But one can only say:
Stélar khniêr kupejos xóng kae Puîyus púqi.
I have a Princess whom Puîyus kißes because of romantick love.

The personal pronoun púqi I have cannot be moved to the beginning of the sentence. The utterance, Púqi stélar khniêr kupejos xóng kae Puîyus, if it makes any sense at all, would probably mean The Princess near me, whom Puîyus kisses because of romantic love, and it would be considered the fragment of a pàsqot sentence and not a complete statement at all. What do you think, Fhólus, Aîya?

I we they not talking not.

The non-movement of púqi is completely regular though, because the habeo construction demands that personal pronouns ending in –qi stay near the end of the clause in a quasi-subject position. One saith:

Úqei púqi.
I have books.
Óqla túqi.
You have flowren.
Sqánamen kúqi.
He hath scurrying rocks.

But never does one say púqi’ úqei or túqi’ óqla or kúqi sqánamen in order to change emphasis.

Secondly, the use of the focus affixes seemeth unusual. First it might appear optional, and secondly it doth not appear to fall upon the subject of the main clause. ‘Tis there, natheless, for to mark the sentence as mediopassive in voice. Hence one saith:

Jaê stélàrejikhh khmírafhamm tú kae púyaxhwa.
I see Þe Princess whom you love.
I see Þe Princess loved by you.
Jaê stélàrejikhh khmírafhamm tú kae púyenwe.
I, a male, see Þe Princess whom you love.
Jaê stélàrejikhh khmírafhamm tú kae púyinwi.
I, a female, see Þe Princess whom you love.

These sét sentences are fairly straight froward. The subject of the main clause, or exterior clause, which is I see the Princess is marked with the focus affixes, and the subject of the subordinate clause which is marked by –afham, that is, the clause that means whom you love or loved by you is placed in the ingeminate case, Please consider this:

Stélar khmírafham Puîyus kae xhmir Kàrijoi.
Stélaràxhwa khmírafham Puîyus kae xhmir Kàrijoi.
Stélar khmírafham Puîyus kae xhmir Karijoiyàxhwa.
Kàrijoi hath a Princess whom Puîyus loves.
Kàrijoi hath a Princess loved by Puîyus.

These examples appear regular enough. Khmírafham Puîyus kae means whom Puîyus loves or loved by Puîyus. But one would expect the the –axhwa/xhmoe/anwa/enwe/inwi/ojhwo/ujhwu focus affix to be mandatory upon the subject, but in the second example we find it upon the predicate and on the third example on a form of the locative case. Since the Habeo Construction consists of a predicate and the dative form of the locative case, it lacks a subject, and so one is free to place the focus particles upon an element which is not the exterior subject. And so one may say the following:

Stélaràxhwa khmírafham Puîyus kae xhmir Kàrijoi.
A Princess Kàrijoi hath, a princess loved by Puîyus.
Stélar khmírafham Puîyus kae xhmir Karijoiyàxhwa.
Kàrijoi indeed hath a princess whom Puîyus loves.
Stélar khmírafham Puîyus kae yenwe xhmir Kàrijoi.
Kàrijoi hath a Princess loved by Puîyus indeed.

Do you not see the beauty of it, my Sister and my Traîkhiim friends? This is the very essence of Babel. What before appeared to be an irregarity is actually completely regular as long as one understands the grammar of the clauase. The Babel language uses its grammatical particles and affixes to a very strong degree. Where one could imagine a form of Gibberish where one would have lots of different words corresponding unto although and in the context of and because and and/or and and/but and the like, Babel simply uses the same words again and again but has all manner of poetic constructions and

[smears]

Aîya and I have taken the notebook and

[smears]

Will you two galoots stop writing in my Sister’s notebook? If I were you I’d be far more thankful that she doesn’t start making language even more complex and tossing you into snow. In fact, I think that mine Éfha should change the word qlaêkh, our draft dinosaur word for all things ill and bad, and just change it to Fhólusòntet Aîya. How’d you like that if instead of saying qlaêkh thi for bad hosts, those who violate ancient customs of hospitality, who harm guests, manslaughterers how’d you like it if the Princess changed that word to Fhólusòntet Aîya thi! Perhaps now you’ll start showing her some respect.

This is what we the they the them think of irregularities. Thththththththt!

Éfhelìnye, what’s the worst word we have in Babel?

I don’t know, Fhérma. I’d be afraid to say it.

Then I myself, Fhermáta, the daughter of Tesélien the Warrior, shall have to make a decree. I do have some authority here, since I am the future Emperor’s oldest foster Sister. In fact the priesthood still refers to me as his first wife.

Ah … I’ve been meaning to speak to Grandfather Pátifhar about that. We need to get you a different title.

I rather like the deference I get for being known as the bride who had been promised him since childhood. Sometimes it helps me to win arguments. Now, Princess, I decree that the worst word we have must logically be qlaêkh qlaêkh. How would you define that?

Oathbreakers, those who are unfaithful, who harm the biosphere, harm dream and music and misage Babel, are fidimplicitary, raláadálh.

Then, Princess, I propose that if these slaves don’t start acting a little nicer to you and your language endeaver that you change the word qlaêkh qlaêkh to Fhólus Aîya Fhólus Aîya.

Oh Fhermáta, I could never do that. I can’t be mean to anyone.

I don’t know about that, but I’ll pass o'er it for now.

Empress O’ Tomorry! What a silly word that would be Fhólus Aîya Fhólus Aîya. Anyhoo you should the making it as one long word not some sort of adposition ne’er ending, my lass! Just call us Fhólusaiyafhólusaîya. Isn’t that better?

Princess, let’s just beat them.

Fhermáta, I was thinking, in the epic that I’m writing, perhaps I’ll just skip o'er the entire part about your being betrothed to my Puey and all that. It’s really unnecessary plot development and

Give me that quill. Princess, you need to keep that in, it’s part of the heart of the story. The entire last chapter is about dealing with the coming winter and my death, and Puey’s grief o'er my passing. Plus the story doesn’t make sense unless Puey is already promised to another. And you’d better not be thinking of cutting Karuláta out either.

Um … I was thinking of just completely not mentioning that she was intended for Puey also. I don’t think anyone would notice at all.

Do you need an editrix? Perhaps we need someone to look o'er your manuscript and make sure you don’t leave out any important developments.

[smears]

Aîya and me is taking control of this. We have decided that Babel should be abandoned because of its wackiness and mistakes and all. We propose only Gibberish, the language of the hypothetis of dance. Gibberish develops, it changes, it expands, but it’s all regular, it have no ambiguity at all. It perfect, far better than Babel. Between you and me the problem with Babel is that one a little princess artist made it up so it so precious and cute to her she have four hundred words for kisses and hugs but only a couple of words for pies, plus she don’t care how many affixes she splash all about. Gibberish will be better, we promise you, it all audio-antenna-visual-haptic-gutteral-isomorphic, whichby we mean the dance of Gibberish always become the right pattern of words. All clear. All perfect. All fun. Plus okay so some words in Babel are clews to their meaning, they have sound symbolism or a the –qhi- infix of xhma- prefix or are compounds or something, but that just a small number o’ words how is one supposed to guess what qlàlaqha mean it mean flower milk from the eqharqtaqéla milk flower who the guessing that the milk to make qthelùpfha butter that not even guessable how about qlát those who are alive, living, quick, zoetick, maisha okay that one fine but what about qláta that means ice or skourn that not even related to qlát and then qláte are classes or castes of a society now why the ending of just a little –a or –e changing the word it just not predictable at all, and she has twice eleven thousand words out there! There should be simple tyùqri algborithms of language whichby we take simple vocabulary logariz logoriz lalgoriz and change them into more and better we don’t need thousands of new words, and language not culturally neutral to us Traîkhiim we want far more words for dancing and stuffing our faces and food and dancing and not having to work and avoiding work and shirking work and ergaphobic and fewer words having to do with piracy and advanture and fun and kisses.

May I give the notebook back to Éfhelìnye? You do know this is her notebook, not yours.

Oh go away first wife bride of Emperor. Now, we think language should be an ice machine. it should be a way to ommunicate with ice and wind. A song flickering in the mind. And what about clockwork machines? Do they really thinking in Babel that way the rest of us do? Let alone wild beasts, who knows how they think, but the new Empress is bringing all the Heretic dopes and their machines into her Empire, has she e'er thought about how machines think? Language should be terse and adaptable and simple, for Traîkhiim and Machine and Princess. Real conversation, reall thought, real simple. Language all a nice perfect artifact.
And we thinking there should be an entire aspect for dancing. We have contious aspect and not continous and we should have dancing aspect.

Actually my friends we do have the level eight suffix –anwing which means while, as, in the context of dancing, dancing merilly. One can say Khetyakhnierànwing Puieyòntet tsenastélar, for While dancing Puey and the Princess kiss each other.

And can we please have fewer examples involving kissing? Aîya and I going to keep these pages and lick them for a time until you start changing language. Make it simple! Simple simple simple simple. Functional and adequate and working. And Aîya and I can be the judge, we tell you whether language is working yet. We make a bridge, Proto-Burbal and pseudo-Gibberish and pure muddle, and find out whether in the mechanistic dance of topics the language all survive. Every utterance of Babel should have same structure. All efficient. Okay so most words in Babel short enough and affixes all put them together but some of your words just way too long. How does one say conquered or domitable? Khmixhafhlethatàlqe, khmixhafhlethatàlqa! It take a month to say that. And don’t even try to say indomintable it Khmixhafhlethatalqèyaxúng for plural and khmixhafhlethatalqàyaxúng in plural. I’m already tired.

Listen you miserable little slaves, the Princess is right to make the word conquered so long only wretches as pathetic as yourselves have the need to say conquered and so you should, penitent, be forced to say something long. I’m taking the notebook back to my Sister.

You have a fiery temper there Fhermáta mistress lady. Who know the umquhile dead to be so touchy.

Yeah I we the thinking that you the nice sister. Not a very cute way of speaking unto us.

Give me the notebook! And I’ll talk to you anyway that I want! My foster brother and once lord and husband has conquered all the Dreamtime, Glossopoeia! I have the right to speak unto my slaves in anway that I see fit. Remember that the women of Jaràqtu are the only ones strong enough to bare Jaràqtun warriors, or to be their brides and sisters. Éfhelìnye is practically Jaràqtun too, in my opinion, why any moment now she’s going to go completely crazy and start changing all the words in Babel in reflect the displeasure that she feels with you. Now if you two interrupt again, I’ll toss you into the snow. Éfhelìnye, tell me what to write down for you.

I was thinking …

We have another interruption complaint change for the making! And you’d better be hearing us. Okay the sentence Stélar khmírafham Puîyus kae xhmir Karijoiyàxhwa Kàrijoi has the princess loved by Puey we don’t like it at all we want you to rule it ungrammatical. We don’t want the focus on the locative part of the have phrase! Not fair! You keep saying that it’s not the subject, so let’s just be complete and not make it as subjecty as possible.

You Traîkhiim are correct that one cannot say Stélar khmírafham Puîyus kae xhmir Karijoiyàqwa, for there wehave the subject suffix –aqwa placed on what cannot be the subject, and yet Stélaràqwa khmírafham Puîyus kae xhmir Kàrijoi, is equally ungrammatical because one now places –aqwa upon the predicate. The xhméja sentence Stélar khmírafham Puîyus kae xhmir Karijoiyàxhwa Kàrijoi has the princess loved by Puey is however perfectly grammatical. The reason for this is, again in the irregular nature of the habeo construction. If my dear Traîkhiim will consider:

Stélar Karijoiyàswaor.
Karijoiyàswaor stélar.
Kàrijoi hath a Princess.

You will note that

There you go again! Irregular to have! Irregular our finger-toes! Let’s just make Kàrijoi the subject and hath can be the predicate and Princess can be the object. Or in Babel just make Princess the subject in the experiencer case, I don’t know. And then Kàrijoi can be simply put in the dative case.

A Babel sentence cannot consist of a subject and no predicate, and we do not have a dative case.

Oh hush you princess ballerina! Aîya and I changing language. We going the whole dance. Now let’s consider the following gibberish utterances. Ist mikh’I n’omo pitar, for I have a father at home and Kh’omin kum N’éís similitún’ó’ ist for Man hath a likeness unto the Immortals and Qwifh’us opes khnulyai sunt for Those who have no wealth and Eisin emoi ekei q’senoi for I have friends there and Tis q’sumakkh’os q’enesetai moi? For what ally shall I have? And alyois men kkh’émata’ isti polya kh’emin n’e q’sumakkh’oi aq’athoi for others have plenty of bead coins, but we have good allies and furthermore on princess empress lady person we can really simplomofy it with the locative pronouns okay if eik means at then aik mi should become akam for at me and eik kh’u should become akat for at you and eik é should become eike for at him and eik í should become aka for at hir and so these should also be used in the sence of habeo and and one saying Kh’a kakht akam for I have a feline cat and Kh’a lór akat for Thou hast a book and Kh’a toi eike for He hath an house and Kh’a Eréjet aka should be She hath bead coins or perhaps she has the city of Eréjet we haven’t really decided on that one. Okay okay okay so after the War of heaven the predicate tlhapiya that is those who guard someone should be used in the sense of habeo but before the locative prefix on- and it become onkakh and onkatekh so that one say Onkakh íxh’óxh’al for His leprosy is there, he has leprosy and Ok onkakh ítakh for His parent is there, he still has a father, his parent is still alive and Onyes notényo for My fame will be there, I shall have fame. Now doesn’t that make more sense? Let Babel be broken apart in our dreams, and some elements of the habeo construction become a new fangled dative case surviving on our triple-forked tounges.

Fhólus and Aîya, I am not entirely sure that I understand what you are trying to express.

Okay I say we should have verbs and tags and particples. Verbs are things, and tags are where and particples are how and syntax. All words that have meaning are verbs. All sentences have verbs. One can use particples for time and when and how, and tags tell us where. There can be particles for and and or and such, and no bother with cases and all that. We should have lots dashes and belches and parenthesis to show where one clause ending and a new dance beginning. It should all be so very neet and tidy. Relative clauses should all begin with a special tag and perhaps end with a tag or three or fourt tags just make sure it all understood. Also we should all SHOUT for present time and Scream for PAST TIME, and we have to stand on our head for conditionals. And if anyone throwing orders around, it require a jump and kick and smack on the heads.
Any questions?

I, Fhermáta, Puey’s first wife, have rescued the notebook from the idiots. Princess Éfhelìnye my Sister is truly perplexed right now. I am not entirely sure whether the comments by the Traîkhiim make sense even to her expansive mind. I’ll just write down whatever she has to say.

I would like to thank you for your comments and I shall think about them. In the meanwhile I would like to close this discussion on the whimsical and fun Habeo Construction. Remember that, although I may not be an expert on Gibberish, or at least the Muddle that you twain are envisioning, that in Babel the habeo construction lacks a subject, but it does employ the khmuîthno experiencer case for the predicate and the dative form of the locative case marked with xhmir+/-aswaor for particples and for personal pronouns with the suffix -qi.. Therefore the focus particple is not required in the mediopassive voice since there is no subject, and the entire construction is already considered marked. One may, though, add the focus particple unto whatever element one thinks needs to be topicalized.

Theupíya khmírafham pú kae texhing xhmoe.
Theupíya khmírafham pú kae texhinginwi.
You, indeed, are Þe maiden whom I love.
You, indeed, are Þe maiden loved by me.

Theupíya khmírafham pú kae texheqixing.
You have Þe maiden whom I love.
Theupíya xhmoe khmírafham pú kae texheqixing.
You have Þe maiden, in fact, loved by me.

Theupíyayàswaor xhmoe texhe khmírafham pu kae.
Þe maiden, indeed, hath you whom I love.
Theupíyayàswaor texhe khmírafham pú kae.
Þe maiden hath you loved by me

.
Theupíya khmírafham pú kae xhmoe texhing.
Theupíya khmírafham pú kae yinqi texhing.
You are Þe maiden whom I indeed love.
You are Þe maiden loved by me indeed.

We conclude our rather exhausitive commentary on the Habeo construction by making a list of all of its major forms, and just giving an idea on where xhmir+ and –aswaor and –qi and qíreu must be placed. For these examples, though, let’s use a fun participle, how about tyeît, tyeîka for love songs, love poems.

Many of the Forms of Habeo


X Y·aswaor
X xhmir Y
X·aswaor Y
Xhmir X Y

X Y·qi

X Y qíreu!
X qíreu Y!


Tyeîka tsenastélaràswaor.
Tyeîka tsena xhmir stélar.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka.
The princess has a long song.
Tyeîka púqi.
I have a love song.
Tyeîka tsenastélar qíreu!
Tsenastélar qíreu tyeîka!
May the princess have a love song!


X·aipoi Y·aswaor
X·aipoi xhmir Y
X·aswaor Y·aipoi
Xhmir X Y·aipoi

X·aipoi Y·qi

X·aipoi Y· qíreu!
X· qíreu Y·aipoi!


Tyekayaîpoi tsenastélaràswaor.
Tyeikayaîpoi tsena xhmir stélar.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeikayaîpoi.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeikayaîpoi.
The princess is fated to have a long song.
Tyeikayaîpoi púqi.
I am fated to have a love song.
Tyeikayaîpoi tsenastélar qíreu!
Tsenastélar qíreu tyeikayaîpoi!
May the princess be fated to have love song!


X·alwos Y·aswaor
X·alwos xhmir Y
X·aswaor Y·alwos
Xhmir X Y·alwos

X·alwos Y·qi


X·alwos Y·qíreu!
X qíreu Y·alwos!


Tyeikayàlwos tsenastélaràswaor.
Tyeikayàlwos tsena xhmir stélar.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeikayàlwos.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeikayàlwos.
The princess has an hypothetical long song; if the princess has a love song
Tyeikayàlwos púqi.
I have a hypothetical love song; if I have a love song
Tyeikayàlwos tsenastélar qíreu!
Tsenastélar qíreu tyeikayàlwos!
May the princess have an hypothetical love song!


X·upwur Y·aswaor
X·upwur xhmir Y
X·aswaor Y·upwur
Xhmir X Y·upwur

X·upwur Y·qi

X·upwur Y qíreu!
X· qíreu Y·upwur!


Tyeikayùpwar tsenastélaràswaor.
Tyeikayùpwar tsena xhmir stélar.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeikayùpwar.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeikayùpwar.
The princess has a long song once.
Tyeikayùpwar púqi.
I have a love song once
Tyeikayùpwar tsenastélar qíreu!
Tsenastélar qíreu tyeikayùpwar!
May the princess have a love song once!


X Y·aswaor xóng xhnir Y
X Y·aswaor xóng xhnir qé/kú
X qé/kú·aswaor xóng xhnir Y
X xhmir Y xóng xhnir Y
X xhmir Y xóng xhnir qé/kú
X xhmir qé/kú xóng xhnir Y

X Y qíreu xóng xhnir Y!
X Y qíreu xóng xhnir qé/kú!
X qé/kú qíreu xóng xhnir Y!


Tyeîka tsenastélaràswaor xóng tsena xhnir stélar.
Tyeîka tsenastélaràswaor xóng xhnir qé.
Tyeîka kúyaswaoring xóng tsena xhnir stélar.
Tyeîka tsena xhmir stélar xóng tsena xhnir stélar.
Tyeîka tsena xhmir stélar xóng xhnir qé.
Tyeîka kúqixing xóng tsena xhnir stélar.
Because of romantic love the princess has a love song.
Tyeîka tsenastélar qíreu xóng tsena xhnir stélar!
Tyeîka tsenastélar qíreu xóng xhnir qé!
Tyeîka kú qíreu xing xóng tsena xhnir stélar!
May the the princess have a love song because of romantic love!


X·aswaor Y xóng xhnir X
X·aswaor Y xóng xhnir qé/kú
Qé/kú·aswaor Y xóng xhnir X
Xhmir X Y xóng xhnir X
Xhmir X Y xóng xhnir qé/kú
Xhmir qé/kú Y xóng xhnir X


X Y·qi xóng Y·xhni


X qíreu Y xóng xhnir X!
X qíreu Y xóng xhnir qé/kú!
Qé/kú qíreu Y xóng xhnir X!


Tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka xóng tsena xhnir stélar.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka xóng tsena xhnir qé.
Qéyaswaôring tyeîka xóng tsena xhnir stélar.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka xóng tsena xhmir stélar.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka xóng xhnir qé.
Kúqixing tyeîka xóng tsena stélar.
Because of romantic love the princess has a love song.

Tyeîka púqi xóng púxhni.
I have a love song because of romantic love.

Tsenastélar qíreu tyeîka xóng tsena xhnir stélar!
Tsenastélar qíreu tyeîka xóng tsena xhnir qé!
Kú qíreu tyeîka xóng tsena xhnir stélar!
May the princess have a love song because of romantic love!


X Y·aswaor khyámu tlhir Y
X Y·aswaor khyámu tlhir qé/kú
X qé/kú·aswaor khyámu tlhir Y
X xhmir Y khyámu tlhir Y
X xhmir Y khyámu tlhir qé/kú
X xhmir qé/kú khyámu tlhir Y

X Y qíreu khyámu tlhir Y!
X Y qíreu khyámu tlhir qé/kú!
X qé/kú qíreu khyámu tlhir Y!


Tyeîka tsenastélaràswaor khyámu tsena tlhir stélar.
Tyeîka tsenastélaràswaor khyámu tlhir qé.
Tyeîka kúyaswaoring khyámu tsena tlhir stélar.
Tyeîka tsena xhmir stélar khyámu tsena tlhir stélar.
Tyeîka tsena xhmir stélar khyámu tlhir qé.
Tyeîka kúqixing khyámu tsena tlhir stélar.
The princess laments having a love song.
Tyeîka tsenastélar qíreu khyámu tsena tlhir stélar!
Tyeîka tsenastélar qíreu khyámu tlhir qé!
Tyeîka kú qíreu xing khyámu tsena tlhir stélar!
May the the princess lament having a love song!


X·aswaor Y khyámu tlhir X
X·aswaor Y khyámu tlhir qé/kú
Qé/kú·aswaor Y khyámy tlhir X
Xhmir X Y khyámu tlhir X
Xhmir X Y khyámu tlhir qé/kú
Xhmir qé/kú Y khyámu tlhir X


X Y·qi khyámu Y·tlhi


X qíreu Y khyámu tlhir X!
X qíreu Y khyámu tlhir qé/kú!
Qé/kú qíreu Y khyámy tlhir X!


Tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka khyámu tsena tlhir stélar.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka khyámu tsena tlhir qé.
Qéyaswaôring tyeîka khyámu tsena tlhir stélar.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka khyámu tsena tlhir stélar.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka khyámu tlhr qé.
Kúqixing tyeîka khyámu tsena stélar.
The princess laments having a love song.

Tyeîka púqi khyámu pútlhi.
I lament having a love song

Tsenastélar qíreu tyeîka khyámu tsena tlhir stélar!
Tsenastélar qíreu tyeîka khyámu tsena tlhir qé!
Kú qíreu tyeîka khyámu tsena tlhir stélar!
May the princess lament having a love song!


X Y·afham xóng kae xhnir Z xhmir A
X·axhwa Y·afham xóng kae xhnir Z xhmir A
X Y·afham xóng kae xhnir Z A·aswaor
X·axhwa Y·afham xóng kae xhnir Z A·aswaor







X Y·afham xóng kae xhnir Z A·qi
X·axhwa Y·afham xóng kae xhnir Z A·qi


Xhmir X Y Z·afham xóng kae xhnir A
Xhmir X Y·axhwa Z·afham xóng kae xhnir A
X·aswaor Y Z·afham xóng kae xhnir A
X·aswaor Y·axhwa Z·afham xóng kae xhnir A







X Y·afham xóng kae xhnir Z A qíreu!
X·axhwa Y·afham xóng kae xhnir Z A qíreu!


Tyeîka’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye tsena xhmir stélar.
Tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye tsena xhmir stélar.
Tyeîka’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye tsenastélaràswaor.
Tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye tsenastélaràswaor.
Because of romantic love the princess has the love song liked by Puey.

Tyeîka’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye púqi.
Tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye púqi.
Because of romantic love I have the love song liked by Puey.

Tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye.
Because of romantic love the princess has a love song liked by Puey.

Tyeîka’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye tsenastélar qíreu!
Tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham xóng kae xhnir Puîye tsenastélar qíreu!
May the princess have a love song like by Puey because of romantic love!


X Y·afham khyámu kae tlhir Z xhmir A
X·axhwa Y·afham khyámu kae tlhir Z xhmir A
X Y·afham khyámu kae tlhir Z A·aswaor
X·axhwa Y·afham khyámu kae tlhir Z A·aswaor







X Y·afham khyámu kae tlhir Z A·qi
X·axhwa Y·afham khyámu kae tlhir Z A·qi


Xhmir X Y Z·afham khyámu kae tlhir A
Xhmir X Y·axhwa Z·afham khyámu kae tlhir A
X·aswaor Y Z·afham khyámu kae tlhir A
X·aswaor Y·axhwa Z·afham khyámu kae tlhir A







X Y·afham khyámu kae tlhir Z A qíreu!
X·axhwa Y·afham khyámu kae tlhir Z A qíreu!


Tyeîka’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye tsena xhmir stélar.
Tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye tsena xhmir stélar.
Tyeîka’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye tsenastélaràswaor.
Tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye tsenastélaràswaor.
The princess laments having the love song liked by Puey.

Tyeîka’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye púqi.
Tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye púqi.
I lament having the love song liked by Puey.

Tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye.
The princess laments having a love song liked by Puey.

Tyeîka’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye tsenastélar qíreu!
Tyeikayàxhwa’ usyórìmafham khyámu kae tlhir Puîye tsenastélar qíreu!
May the princess lament having the love song loved by Puey!


X Y·aswaor Z·etwur
X xhmir Y Z·etwur
X·aswaor Y Z·etwur
Xhmir X Y Z·etwur

X Y·qi Z·etwur


Tyeîka tsenastélaràswaor Puiyeyètwur.
Tyeîka tsena xhmir stélar Puiyeyètwur.
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka Puiyeyètwur.
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka Puiyeyètwur.
Puey causes the princess to have a love song.
Tyeîka púqi Puiyeyètwur.
Puey causes me to have a love song.


X·etwur Y Z·aswaor
X·etwur Y xhmir Z
X·etwur Y·aswaor Z
X·etwur xhmir Y Z

X·etwur Y Z·qi


Puiyeyètwur tyeîka tsenastélaràswaor.
Puiyeyètwur tyeîka tsena xhmir stélar.
Puiyeyètwur tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka.
Puiyeyètwur tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka.
Puey causes the princess to have a love song.
Puiyeyètwur tyeîka púqi.
Puey causes me to have a love song.


X ur Y·qi Z

X ur xhmir Y Z
X ur Y·aswaor Z


Tyeîka’ ur púqi Puîye.
Puey causes me to have a love song.
Tyeîka’ ur tsena xhmir stélar Puîye.
Tyeîka’ ur tsenastélaràswaor Puîye.
Puey causes the princess to have a love song.


X Y·aswaor Z·etwúreu!
X xhmir Y Z·etwúreu!
X·aswaor Y Z·etwúreu!
Xhmir X Y Z·etwúreu!

X Y·qi Z·etwúreu!


Tyeîka tsenastélaràswaor Puiyeyètwúreu!
Tyeîka tsena xhmir stélar Puiyeyètwúreu!
Tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka Puiyeyètwúreu!
Tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka Puiyeyètwúreu!
May Puey cause the princess to have a love song!
Tyeîka púqi Puiyeyètwúreu!
May Puey cause me to have a love song!


X·etwúreu Y Z·aswaor!
X·etwúreu Y xhmir Z!
X·etwúreu Y·aswaor Z!
X·etwúreu xhmir Y Z!

X·etwúreu Y Z·qi!


Puiyeyetwúreu tyeîka tsenastélaràswaor!
Puiyeyetwúreu tyeîka tsena xhmir stélar!
Puiyeyetwúreu tsenastélaràswaor tyeîka!
Puiyeyetwúreu tsena xhmir stélar tyeîka!
May Puey cause the princess to have a love song!
Puiyeyetwúreu tyeîka púqi!
May Puey causes me to have a love song!


And there you have it, a summary of how to say to have in Babel. It’s taken some doing and we’ve had to examine the locative case from many different angles, but I think that have a rather good grasp on it. What do you Traîkhiim think?
Ththththththt!